In this review, we have highlighted studies which have investigated the impact of chronic stress or stress-related biomarkers on cellular signaling pathways. However, there are several important directions for future research. (1) Future research should be performed by interdisciplinary teams of epidemiologists, basic/translational, behavioral, and social scientists, clinicians, and statisticians with active engagement of the community in which the research is being done. (2) Interdisciplinary teams need to work with communities who have been historically underrepresented and marginalized in biomedical research using established community engagement methods as many referenced studies in this review inadequately represent diverse populations including Asian, Latinx, non-Hispanic Black, Native American/Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander populations as well as sexual and gender minority populations of all racial/ethnic groups. (3) Teams should use longitudinal studies over the life course to examine signaling pathways and markers (i.e. immune cell characterization, various ‘-omics’, and cytokines and stress-related biomarkers) as mediators of the relationships between social determinants of health (SDoH) and cardiometabolic health factors. (4) Teams should also create multi-level interventions which simultaneously target both policies that impact SDoH (i.e. housing, education, occupation, physical and social neighborhood environment) and behaviors related to cardiometabolic health (i.e., physical activity, stress, reduction, diet, and sleep). (5) These multi-level interventions can be used to investigate key signaling pathways linked to cardiometabolic outcomes and most amenable to health behavior change.