(A) Division in model rods like E. coli and B. subtilis is carried out by the coordination of the elongasome machinery at different sites in the cell and by the divisome complex in the mid-cell region. On the direction of several mid-cell site markers, some associated with the nucleoid separation, FtsZ assembles into a central Z-ring in coordination with early divisome proteins to establish the divisome complex. The Z-ring coordinates septum formation and interacts with late divisome proteins to begin the septum peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis. Peripheral PG synthesis is carried out by the elongasome. Finally, membrane constriction leads to cytokinesis resulting in the formation of two daughter cells. (B) In the absence of elongasome machinery, cell division in cocci like S. aureus occurs through FtsZ-led division machinery only. Z-ring formation at the mid-cell site follows the septum formation in a centripetal pattern towards the centre of the cell. PG synthesis takes place in the septal region alone and final constriction leads to pinching off the two hemispherical lobes to give two daughter cells. The daughter cells immediately bulge out to form cocci each with one-half of the parent cell wall. (C) In ovococci like S. pneumoniae, the division is initiated by the assembly of initiation complex - FtsZ in a tight complex with early divisome proteins at the septal region. Cells have both elongasome machinery and divisome machinery present at the septal region, the coordination between the two leads to the formation of the septum and PG synthesis in the vicinity of the septum. The initiation complex assembles at the division site of the future daughter cells over the undivided nucleoid, thus giving rise to overlapping division cycles and cells mostly observed in diplococci state. (D) Asymmetrical cell division observed in M. tuberculosis is established by polar growth at one of the poles of the cell occurring at a faster rate than other. More Wag31, a protein that is associated with promoting polar growth, assembles at the old pole (established at previous division cycle) and coordinates accelerated growth (depicted in cyan). While growth at the new pole lags behind, the cell division process begins. Wag31 is also found to interact with FtsZ at the septum. The septum formation and membrane constriction proceed, and final ‘V-snapping’ results in the formation of two unequal daughter cells. The new poles are established after separation, while the other poles are now designated ‘old’ poles. (Images were created using BioRender.com)