AMP are amphipathic and cationic endowing interaction with anionic bacterial membranes, creating pores, and directly causing cell lysis. Furthermore, AMP with CPP activities also interact with cellular components such as DNA and ATP, which possess negatively charged groups, causing a disruption of their metabolism in bacteria. In some cell types like immune cells, AMP interact with receptors and/or induce autophagy, the release of cytokines and chemokines (with intrinsic antimicrobial activity), hence, promoting a feedback loop for autophagy resulting in the encapsulation and killing of bacteria (xenophagy). By considering these multiple functions of AMP with CPP activity, it may be possible to learn how the human body controls microbiota and autophagy to improve the health of the human population. Image created using ChemDraw.