LDA score at the log10 scale is indicated at the bottom. The greater the LDA score is, the more significant the microbial biomarker is in the comparison. Based on the LDA selection, 49 predicted microbial functions were significantly increased,while 55 functions were remarkably decreased in CKD (n=44) compared with HCs (n=88) (all P<0.05) (Supplementary Data S10); CKD, chronic kidney disease; HC, healthy control; LDA, linear discriminant analysis.