Decarbonisation aims to reduce the environmental impact of fossil fuel use, either by the substitution of fossil energy in the form of coal, petroleum and natural gas by fuels derived from biomass or by direct C-capture and nature-based C-sequestration strategies (termed ‘Bioenergy with Carbon Capture Solutions (BioCCS or BECCS) [4] which are currently used to offset emissions in the form of carbon credits. In the transport sector, the market penetration of emission-free electric vehicles is accelerating but is heavily reliant on C-free electrical generation capacity and accessible rapid charging infrastructures which may be difficult to implement in non-urban or more isolated settings, or in developing countries, hence the ongoing (and currently increasing) need for biofuels. Current transport biofuels include alcohols (1), lipid-derived biodiesels (2) and biomass-derived or microbially generated combustible gasses such as [bio]methane and H₂ (3) that can be catalytically converted to sustainable synthetic fuels. Figure drawn using Biorender software.