Fold induction of TNF-α, TRAF, IL-6, IL-1β mRNA expression in SW982 when treated with TNF-α at 10 ng/ml or nicotine at 1 µg/ml or co-treated with TNF-α and nicotine compared with respective controls. C = Control cells without TNF-α and extract, CT = cells with TNF-α 10 ng/ml for 1 h, 1 = cells with extract at 1 µg/ml concentration for 24 h with TNF-α at 10 ng/ml for 1 h. (A) Fold induction of TNF-α gene expression in SW982 cells. (B) Fold induction of IL-6 gene expression in SW982 cells. (C) Fold induction of IL-1β gene expression in SW982 cells. (D) Fold induction of TRAF gene expression in SW982 cells. (E) Fold induction of P50 gene expression in SW982 cells. (F) Fold induction of P65 gene expression in SW982 cells. Values are presented as the mean ± SEM (n=3). **** = <0.0001,*** = <0.001 ** = <0.01 versus normal control or TNF-α treatment (*) by one-way ANOVA.