Upon cell entry, viral (+) single-stranded RNA is translated in the cytoplasm to produce three large precursor proteins (P1, P2 and P3), which are cleaved by proteases to yield functional proteins. Viral genomic RNA contains VPg and IRES at its 5′ untranslated region for efficient translation. The coding region of the viral RNA also contains Stop-Go and frameshifting sites at the 2A–2B junction, which mediate non-canonical translation events (created with BioRender).