A scratch was created in confluent PCs and images taken at baseline. Cells were incubated with either S (ECD) or S1 or S2 proteins (all 5.8 nM), or vehicle for 24 h and final images were recorded. The surface of wound closure was calculated as % of the baseline area and expressed as fold-change vs vehicle. n=6 patients’ PCs. Graphs report individual values and means ± SEM. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.