Role of oxidative stress in the paternal PM2.5 exposure-induced hypertension in offspring
(A and B) Renal MDA (A) and SOD (B) levels were measured in vehicle (control)- and PM2.5-treated paternal SD rats (A and B, two-tailed, unpaired t test, *P < 0.05 vs. control, n = 6). (C–E) Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (C), 24 h urine volume (D) and sodium excretion (E) were determined in the 12-week-old offspring of 12 weeks PM2.5-exposed- and 16 weeks tempol-treated paternal rats (C–E: two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, *P < 0.05 vs. control offspring, n = 8; #P < 0.05 vs. PM2.5 offspring, n = 8). (F and G) Protein expressions of AT1R (F) and GRK4 (G) were determined by Western blot in the kidney from the 12-week-old offspring of 12 weeks PM2.5-exposed- and 16 weeks tempol-treated paternal rats. AT1R or GRK4 protein expression was normalized using GAPDH expression (F and G, two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, *P < 0.05 vs. control, n = 6; #P < 0.05 vs. PM2.5, n = 6). Control: vehicle-exposed paternal rats; PM2.5: PM2.5-exposed-paternal rats; C-offspring: offspring of vehicle-exposed and vehicle-treated paternal rats; P-offspring: offspring of PM2.5-exposed and vehicle-treated paternal rats; C+Tempol-offspring: offspring of vehicle-exposed- and tempol-treated paternal rats; P+Tempol-offspring: offspring of PM2.5-exposed- and tempol-treated paternal rats.