Super-resolution approaches for membrane dynamics studies.
Currently available super-resolution approaches are displayed with respect to the accessible spatial scale and temporal resolution. In addition, each approach is highlighted regarding to its capability for multi-color extension and whether applications have been reported on model membranes or living cell membranes. Acronyms: FCS: fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, FRAP: fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, SMLM: single-molecule localization microscopy, NSOM: near-field scanning optical microscopy, SPT: single particle tracking, sptPALM: single particle tracking photo-activated localization microscopy, (s)STED: (scanning)stimulated emission microscopy, iSCAT: interferometric scattering microscopy, ZMW: zero-mode waveguide. Note that MINFLUX is not an acronym but ‘a concept for localizing photon emitters in space' [40]. Also note that we excluded super-resolution approaches such as structured illumination microscopy (SIM) because the main applications are for 3D-live cell imaging rather than cell membrane studies [41], and other computational approaches such as SRRF, SOFI, 3B, HAWK, etc.