(A) CDKN2B-AS1 (ANRIL) mechanism of action remains unclear, as it has potential PRC1/2 binding potential, but is also positively correlated with CDKN2A/B. (B) KCNQ1OT1 negatively regulates its neighbour CDKN1C to maintain β-cell proliferation. (C) PLUTO positively regulates PDX1 by enhancing its promoter-enhancer cluster contacts. (D) βlinc1 has wide-spread cis effects on local gene expression to maintain β-cell function, positively regulating Nkx2-2, Neurog3, Sox9, Nkx6-1, NeuroD1, Pax6, Pax4, Arx and MafB. (E) HI-LNC25 has a trans-acting effect on GLIS3, located on another chromosome. (F) ROIT neighbours ESRP2 but has trans effects on Nkx6-1.