(A) Relative mRNA levels of ALP, COL1, OPN, OCN, and RUNX2 assessed by qRT-PCR suggested that PTH promoted osteogenesis-related gene expression. (B) Protein levels of ALP, COL1, OPN, OCN, and RUNX2, determined by Western blot analysis, also confirmed that the osteogenic ability of HBMSCs was elevated by PTH under the stimulation of LPS. (C,D) Expression levels of OCN and RUNX2 revealed by immunofluorescence were higher in the PTH (HBMSCs + LPS + PTH) group than in the LPS (HBMSCs + LPS) group. Data are mean ± SD. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 versus the control (HBMSCs) group; #P<0.05 and ##P<0.01 versus the LPS (HBMSCs + LPS) group, n=5. Scale bar, 50 μm.