H&E stained lung sections from mice euthanized on day 5 after IAV infection. The top four sections (A–D) illustrate representative composite images at the level of the porta pulmonis of the left lung lobes of sham + MEM mice (A), sham + MEM + JPYFII mice (B), CS + IAV mice (C), and CS + IAV + JPYFII mice (D). The lower four sections (E–H) show the inflammatory infiltrates in lungs of sham + MEM mice (E), sham + MEM + JPYFII mice (F), CS + IAV mice (G), and CS + IAV + JPYFII mice (H). The last four sections (I–L) illustrate the integrity and area of the pulmonary alveoli in sham + MEM mice (I), sham + MEM + JPYFII mice (J), CS + IAV mice (K), and CS + IAV + JPYFII mice (L). The sections are magnified 100× for E-H and 200× for (I–L). The scale bar (lower right corner of all figures) denotes 600 μm for (A–D), 200 μm for (E–H), and 100 μm for (I–L). The inflammatory score was evaluated in the alveolar (M), peribronchial (N) and perivascular areas (O), and MIL (P) was also measured and shown in this figure. Data are shown as mean ± S.E.M for n=9 mice. Statistical significance was assessed using two-way ANOVA with Sidak post hoc test; *P<0.05, **P<0.01.