After overnight serum starvation in RPMI medium with 0.5 mM glucose, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with either 0.5 or 10 mM glucose for 2 h. (A) Cell lysates were subjected to the Western blot analysis using α-E catenin and α-tubulin antibodies. (B) Densitometry analysis showing protein expression of α-E catenin normalised to α-Tubulin. Data represent mean ± S.E.M of three independent experiments. (C) Schematic diagram of hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. The unpaired t test was used to assess statistical significance, *P<0.05.