Manipulating cholesterol metabolism may result in an overall pro- or anti- inflammatory phenotype, which can result beneficial or detrimental outcome in disease. Abbreviations: ACAT, acyl coenzyme A: Cholesterol AcylTransferase); IFNγ, interferon gamma; IL, interleukin; LXR, liver X receptor; MVK, mevalonate kinase; SREBP-2, sensor response element binding protein 2; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor alpha.