(A) Manhattan plot showing the P-values of genome-wide CpG sites. X-axis represents position of the CpG sites on each chromosome. Y-axis represents negative log10 of the P-values for the association. The dotted line indicates false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected significance threshold and the solid horizontal line represents Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold (experiment-wide significance). The annotations for the three novel CpG sites and corresponding genes (if annotation is known) are shown. (B) Quantile-quantile plot showing genomic inflation factor (lambda = 1.11) of the epigenome-wide association study. The genomic inflation factor (ratio of the median of the empirically observed distribution of the test statistic to the expected median) represents the extent of inflation and false positive rate in the results.