Type II MADS-box transcription factors (TFs), including SEP3, are a major group of TFs regulating flower development. Their binding motifs (TFBMs) have been amplified by several TE families during the evolution of rosids and Brassicaceae lineages. New genes are continuously recruited into the flower regulatory network by novel TFBMs located in identified TE sequences. Some of the ancestral TEs have decayed, while the TFBMs were retained when functionally relevant [37]. Some TEs recently amplified in A. lyrata and generated novel targets, but not A. thaliana [36].