(A) Proliferation rates of NRK-52E cells. (B,C) The apoptosis rates of NRK-52E cells. Groups: HG; HG-induced NRK-52E cells; HG + NC, HG-induced NRK-52E cells with NC; HG + AS-IV, HG-induced NRK-52E cells with 80 μg/ml of AS-IV treatment. HG + AS-IV + SRI-011381, HG-induced NRK-52E treated with 80 μg/ml AS-IV, and the TGF-β1 activator SRI-011381. NRK-52E cells without any treatment served as the control group. All data are presented as mean ± SD. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 compared with the control group. ^##P<0.01 compared with the HG group. ^$$P<0.01 compared with the HG + AS-IV group.