(A) SDS–PAGE analysis of co-expressed INTS3–hNABP1–C9ORF80 (left) and INTS3–hNABP2–C9ORF80 (right) complex purified with Glutathione sepharose followed by Ni-NTA chromatography. (B) Western blot analysis for the purified INTS3–hNABP1–C9ORF80 (left) and INTS3–hNABP2–C9ORF80 (right) complex using respective antibodies. (C) Representative EMSA images of INTS3–hNABP1–C9ORF80 complex binding with dT₃₀ (left), rU₃₀ (middle), and their quantitative analysis (right). (D) Representative EMSA images of INTS3–hNABP2–C9ORF80 complex binding with dT₃₀ (left), rU₃₀ (middle), and their quantitative analysis (right).