Mixed cortical cultures were exposed to medium conditioned by healthy (n=6) or preeclamptic (n=6) placental explants that had been pre-treated with no NPs, blank-NPs or MitoQ-NPs. Following a 24-h exposure, cortical cultures were assessed for neuronal dendrite lengths (A), process lengths of TH⁺ cells (B), levels of glutamate receptor subunits GluN1 (C) and GluN3α (D), levels of GABA receptor subunits GABA Aα1 (E) and GABA B1 (F), along with astrocyte count (G) and astrocyte process lengths (H). Data are presented as means + S.E.M.; *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.