(A) Heatmap of significantly altered plasma amino acids (P<0.05) in AF and control patients. The colors in the heatmap indicated the log-2-transformed values of each amino acids. (B) The general overview of plasma amino acids levels, when we select amino acid with fold change beyond 2 and P-value under 0.05. The y-axis represented log-10-transformed P-value for each amino acid, and the x-axis represented log-2-transformed fold change for each amino acid. Red dots stood for significantly altered amino acids with more than two times of the fold change. (C) Illustration of the significantly altered amino acids in control and AF group. Data were analyzed using the Student’s ttest. Mean ± s.e.m. *P< 0.05, **P< 0.01, and ***P<0.001.