(A) Western blot analysis of aortic tissues from saline, single dose and chronic HFD cohorts injected with insulin immediately prior to culling. Quantification, p-AMPKα (Thr¹⁷²) (B) and p-p38 (Thr¹⁸⁰/Tyr¹⁸²) (C) using ImageJ software. Data are represented as mean ± S.E.M. and analysed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s ttests where *P≤0.05 when compared with saline control.