... argue that small RNA regulators of acetylcholine (ACh) signaling, including microRNAs (miRs) and transfer RNA fragments (tRFs) may tilt the balance between innate and adaptive immunity, avoid chronic inflammation and prevent the neuroinflammation-mediated exacerbation of many neurological diseases...

...(s). 2021 This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY) . Neurodegeneration Neuroinflammation Parkinson's disease SARS-CoV2 Viral infection In 1918...

... expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain associated with ageing or experimentally induced neuroinflammation. However, the cellular mechanisms by which exercise exerts this effect are unknown, including the effects of exercise on classic or alternative activation of astrocytes and microglia...

... neuroinflammation Parkinsons disease viral infection Parkinson’s disease (PD), the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder, is generally characterized by the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN) of the midbrain, resulting in decreased dopamine (DA...