...Irene Fernández-González; Elena Galea Astrocytes generate ATP through glycolysis and mitochondrion respiration, using glucose, lactate, fatty acids, amino acids, and ketone bodies as metabolic fuels. Astrocytic mitochondria also participate in neuronal redox homeostasis and neurotransmitter...

... of mitochondria, with functional microdomains exhibiting widespread activities, such as controlling local metabolism and Ca 2+ signaling. Ca 2+ is an ion of utmost importance, both physiologically and pathologically, and participates in critical central nervous system processes, including synaptic plasticity...

... and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY) . Mitochondria Mitophagy Neurodegneration Parkinsons disease PTEN induced putative kinase 1 Despite decades of ongoing work, neurodegenerative diseases are a group of mostly incurable disorders. Many of these disorders...

...Caterina Garone; Michal Minczuk; Aaron R. D’Souza; Michal Minczuk Mitochondria are the major source of ATP in the cell. Five multi-subunit complexes in the inner membrane of the organelle are involved in the oxidative phosphorylation required for ATP production. Thirteen subunits of these complexes...

... BY) . atp synthase electron transport chain mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation respiratory chain complex assembly The oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) of the mitochondrial inner membrane is composed of five enzymes (complexes I–V; cI–V). In mammals, they are all multimeric...

...Caterina Garone; Michal Minczuk; Mohammed Almannai; Ayman W. El-Hattab; Fernando Scaglia Each nucleated cell contains several hundreds of mitochondria, which are unique organelles in being under dual genome control. The mitochondria contain their own DNA, the mtDNA, but most of mitochondrial...

... cellular secretion inflammation lysosome mitochondria Autophagy was first implicated in the unconventional secretion of the cytosolic Acetyl CoA binding proteins Acb1 in yeast and AcbA in the slime mold Dictyostelium [ 20 , 28 ]. Sporulation in Dictyostelium is controlled by autophagy-inducing...

...Patricija van Oosten-Hawle; Wolfgang Voos; Witold Jaworek; Anne Wilkening; Michael Bruderek Mitochondria are essential constituents of a eukaryotic cell by supplying ATP and contributing to many mayor metabolic processes. As endosymbiotic organelles, they represent a cellular subcompartment...

.... Immunoelectron microscopy using ultra-small gold as a probe revealed extensive localization of α-syn in subcellular pools of neurons, including presynaptic terminals, axons, mitochondria, the Golgi complex, the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and the nucleus [ 4 ]. Data obtained so far suggest that α-syn...