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Articles
Journal:
Essays in Biochemistry
Essays Biochem (2023) 67 (6): 1003–1014.
Published: 28 September 2023
Articles
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in T-cell response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies: from fundamental mechanisms to treatment signatures
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 1 Graphical representation of reported changes to function of CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and DCs in response to αPD-L1 immunotherapy Distinct from direct effect on CD8 + T cells, immunotherapy can act via CD4 + T cells and DCs to support CD8 + T-cell function via cytokine productio... More about this image found in Graphical representation of reported changes to function of CD4 + T cells,...
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in T-cell response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies: from fundamental mechanisms to treatment signatures
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 2 Graphical representation showing how αPD-L1 immunotherapy can modulate intratumoural CD8 + T-cell differentiation during treatment Ineffective response may be a result of poor pre-existing response or previous terminal differentiation. Presence of less-differentiated T PEX cells allows... More about this image found in Graphical representation showing how αPD-L1 immunotherapy can modulate intr...
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in DNA sensing in cancer: Pro-tumour and anti-tumour functions of cGAS–STING signalling
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 1 Sources of immunostimulatory DNA in tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment The presence of self-DNA within the cytosol can occur due to chromosomal instability in cancer cells as well as from additional DNA damage caused by cancer therapies. Micronuclei are a source of self-DNA wit... More about this image found in Sources of immunostimulatory DNA in tumour cells and the tumour microenviro...
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in DNA sensing in cancer: Pro-tumour and anti-tumour functions of cGAS–STING signalling
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 2 Innate immune signalling in response to cytosolic DNA and DNA damage On detecting cytosolic DNA, cGAS synthesises the second messenger cGAMP which can be exported to adjacent cells or the extracellular environment using gap junctions and exporters. Within the cell, cGAMP can go on to bin... More about this image found in Innate immune signalling in response to cytosolic DNA and DNA damage On de...
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in DNA sensing in cancer: Pro-tumour and anti-tumour functions of cGAS–STING signalling
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 3 Pro-tumour and anti-tumour responses of STING signalling in cancer ( A ) Anti-tumour responses. The cGAS-STING signalling axis with IFN-I and CXCL10 secretion as signalling output co-ordinates multiple anti-tumour functions. The tumour suppressor p53 negatively regulates TREX1, making cy... More about this image found in Pro-tumour and anti-tumour responses of STING signalling in cancer ( A ) A...
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in Tumour-associated macrophages as a potential target to improve natural killer cell-based immunotherapies
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 1 Regulation of NK cell responses against target cells ( A ) Natural killer (NK) cells express various receptors that transmit activation (A) or inhibitory (I) signals. NK cell response to target cells (being tolerant or triggering apoptosis) is determined by the overall levels of each sig... More about this image found in Regulation of NK cell responses against target cells ( A ) Natural killer ...
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in Tumour-associated macrophages as a potential target to improve natural killer cell-based immunotherapies
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 2 Activation of NK cells by macrophages Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) repolarize upon stimulation with IFNγ and/or toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands such as poly I:C and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Repolarized ... More about this image found in Activation of NK cells by macrophages Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs)...
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in Tumour-associated macrophages as a potential target to improve natural killer cell-based immunotherapies
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 3 Suppression of NK cells by macrophages ( A ) Short-term interaction with TAMs expressing activating ligands (RAE1, CD48) promotes NK cell activation via activating receptors such as NKG2D and 2B4 (left). However, persistent engagement causes downregulation of activating receptors in NK c... More about this image found in Suppression of NK cells by macrophages ( A ) Short-term interaction with T...
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in Tumour-associated macrophages as a potential target to improve natural killer cell-based immunotherapies
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 4 Current TAM-targeting strategies that potentially enhance NK cell function Anti-tumour efficacy of therapeutically infused NK cells could be enhanced by combining with TAM targeting, such as depletion, reprogramming, and disarming (i.e., blocking inhibitory ligands in TAMs). Tables show ... More about this image found in Current TAM-targeting strategies that potentially enhance NK cell function ...
Articles
Articles
Journal:
Essays in Biochemistry
Essays Biochem (2023) 67 (6): 991–1002.
Published: 28 September 2023
Articles
Articles
Articles
Articles
Images
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 1 Relationships between T cell subsets in the TME and tdLN Naïve T cells are activated in the tdLN expressing PD-1 while maintaining expression of TCF7 in a partially activated, stem-like state. These stem-like T cells migrate to the TME inhabiting cDC rich niches where further stimulation... More about this image found in Relationships between T cell subsets in the TME and tdLN Naïve T cells are...
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in The role of IFN-γ-signalling in response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 1 An overview of the IFN-γ signalling pathway The IFN-γ receptor (IFNGR), a heterodimer of IFNGR1 and IFNGR2, is expressed on the surface of almost all cell types. After IFN-γ binds to IFNGR, it induces the activation of Janus kinase (JAK) 1 and JAK2 while EHBP1L1 is responsible for stab... More about this image found in An overview of the IFN-γ signalling pathway The IFN-γ receptor (IFNGR), ...
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in The role of IFN-γ-signalling in response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 2 Different mechanisms elicited by IFN-γ to promote resistance to ICBT IFN-γ drives tumour cell dedifferentiation by either up-regulating its stemness or downregulating its neoantigen expression. IFN-γ feedback loops become dysregulated, by either overexpressing the negative regulators LNK... More about this image found in Different mechanisms elicited by IFN-γ to promote resistance to ICBT IFN-γ...
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in The role of IFN-γ-signalling in response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 3 Current pharmacological approaches to reverse IFN-γ-driven resistance to ICBT Amplifying antigen presentation can be applied to upregulate tumour MHC-I, double-stranded RNA sensing, and NF-κB signalling to augment the T-cell anti-tumour response. Inhibiting TCIRs by JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor (... More about this image found in Current pharmacological approaches to reverse IFN-γ-driven resistance to IC...
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in Immunologically relevant effects of radiation therapy on the tumor microenvironment
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 1 Main immunomodulatory mechanisms elicited by RT in the TME Focal radiation therapy (RT) has been shown to impose various immunologically relevant changes to the tumor microenvironment (TME) that may influence local and systemic cancer control. ( A ) On the one hand, focal RT has been sho... More about this image found in Main immunomodulatory mechanisms elicited by RT in the TME Focal radiation...
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in What do cancer-specific CD8+ T cells see? The contribution of immunopeptidomics
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 1 A typical immunopeptidomics-based neoantigen discovery workflow Tumour-specific mis-sense variants are identified by comparative whole exome sequencing of tumour tissue samples. Variant gene transcripts may be confirmed by RNAseq, then neoantigens are predicted using HLA typing data and ... More about this image found in A typical immunopeptidomics-based neoantigen discovery workflow Tumour-spe...
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in Perivascular tumor-associated macrophages and their role in cancer progression
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 1 Models for TAM polarization The dichotomy of the conventionally defined ‘M1’ and ‘M2’ macrophage polarization program, as pro- (M1) and anti- (M2) inflammatory stages of their phenotypic program, has served as a valuable framework for understanding and classifying the extremes of TAM phe... More about this image found in Models for TAM polarization The dichotomy of the conventionally defined ‘M...
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in Perivascular tumor-associated macrophages and their role in cancer progression
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 2 Evidence of TAM heterogeneity and nest formation in the Pv niche Representative image of a frozen section of tumor from the spontaneous MMTV-PyMT murine model of breast cancer [ 66 ], stained with DAPI (nuclei;blue) and antibodies against F4/80 (magenta), LYVE-1 (red) and CD31 (green).... More about this image found in Evidence of TAM heterogeneity and nest formation in the Pv niche Represent...
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in Perivascular tumor-associated macrophages and their role in cancer progression
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 3 Development of PvTAMs Summary of the developmental pathways of PvTAMs highlighted in the manuscript text. TIE2 + PvTAMs can arise from TIE2 expressing monocytes recruited from the peripheral blood. TIE2 + PvTAMs are retained in the Pv niche through their interaction with angiopoietin-2... More about this image found in Development of PvTAMs Summary of the developmental pathways of PvTAMs high...
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in Perivascular tumor-associated macrophages and their role in cancer progression
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 4 PvTAM functions in the TME Summary of the functions of PvTAMs highlighted in the manuscript text. PvTAMs can facilitate intravasation of Mena + tumor cells into the circulation, where PvTAMs express EGF and tumor cells express CSF1 and participate in a cross-communication axis, which re... More about this image found in PvTAM functions in the TME Summary of the functions of PvTAMs highlighted ...
Images
Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 1 Pro-tumour mechanisms of tumour-associated neutrophils Direct effects of neutrophils on cancer cells : Neutrophils release a plethora of bioactive molecules that drive cancer development. Neutrophils secrete reactive oxygen species (ROS) which, through DNA damage, can drive malignant tr... More about this image found in Pro-tumour mechanisms of tumour-associated neutrophils Direct effects of ...
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Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 2 Neutrophil heterogeneity in liver cancer Up to 11 different neutrophil phenotypes have been described in human HCC by scRNAseq [ 27 ]. These phenotypes have different predominant tissues of residence, including tumour, adjacent liver and peripheral blood. Moreover, they display a range o... More about this image found in Neutrophil heterogeneity in liver cancer Up to 11 different neutrophil phe...
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Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 3 Role of tumour-associated neutrophils in the HCC microenvironment The six TANs found in the scRNAseq dataset are predicted to play diverse roles in the HCC TME. On the left side, the APOA2 subtype expresses low levels of PD-L1, which avoids the suppression of T lymphocytes that act again... More about this image found in Role of tumour-associated neutrophils in the HCC microenvironment The six ...
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Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 4 Functional correlation of neutrophil subtypes between multiple cancers The upper part of the figure shows the different neutrophil subtypes found in HCC [ 27 ], gastric cancer [ 28 ], PDAC [ 29 ] and NSCLC [ 30 ] by scRNAseq along with the list of the most differentially expressed genes ... More about this image found in Functional correlation of neutrophil subtypes between multiple cancers The...
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Published: 28 September 2023
Figure 5 Current clinical and preclinical neutrophil therapies in cancer Top left corner: the combination of a CXCR2 small molecule inhibitor (AZD5069) plus anti-PD-1 expanded an immature anti-tumour neutrophil population, resulting in a reduction in tumour burden and an increase in survival [ 39... More about this image found in Current clinical and preclinical neutrophil therapies in cancer Top left c...
Articles
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in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a tool for deciphering Hsp90 molecular chaperone function
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 13 September 2023
Figure 1 Hsp90 chaperone cycle The Hsp90 molecular chaperone is composed of three functional domains: the N-terminal domain containing the ATP-binding site, the middle (M)-domain, which is the primary site of client interaction, and the C-terminal domain containing the tetratricopeptide repeat (T... More about this image found in Hsp90 chaperone cycle The Hsp90 molecular chaperone is composed of three f...
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in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a tool for deciphering Hsp90 molecular chaperone function
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 13 September 2023
Figure 2 Sequence alignment of yeast and human Hsp90s ( A ) Identity matrix of Hsp90 isoforms from yeast and human. S. cerevisiae Hsp82 (P02829) and Hsc82 (P15108) amino acid sequences and human Hsp90α (P07900) and Hsp90β (P08238) amino acid sequences were aligned using EMBL-EBI Clustal Omega t... More about this image found in Sequence alignment of yeast and human Hsp90s ( A ) Identity matrix of Hsp9...
Articles
Articles
Journal:
Essays in Biochemistry
Essays Biochem (2023) 67 (5): 811–827.
Published: 13 September 2023
Includes: Supplementary data
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in Gliotoxin and related metabolites as zinc chelators: implications and exploitation to overcome antimicrobial resistance
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 13 September 2023
Figure 1 Literature-based rationale to investigate the inhibitory effects of gliotoxin/dithiol gliotoxin (GT/DTG) against bacteria to help overcome antimicrobial resistance GT/DTG inhibit bacterial growth and can also augment antibiotic activity. DTG, of fungal origin and with antifungal activity... More about this image found in Literature-based rationale to investigate the inhibitory effects of gliotox...
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in Gliotoxin and related metabolites as zinc chelators: implications and exploitation to overcome antimicrobial resistance
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 13 September 2023
Figure 2 Hypothetical model for gliotoxin/dithiol gliotoxin (GT/DTG) inhibition of bacterial growth ( A ) Currently, it is unclear if GT or DTG-zinc chelate (DTG:Zn 2+ ) is acquired by bacteria, and if other metals ions are capable of chelate formation with DTG. However, it is postulated that upo... More about this image found in Hypothetical model for gliotoxin/dithiol gliotoxin (GT/DTG) inhibition of b...
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in Gliotoxin and related metabolites as zinc chelators: implications and exploitation to overcome antimicrobial resistance
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 13 September 2023
Figure 3 Thiol compounds inhibit MBL and re-sensitise bacteria to the antibiotic Zinc-dependent metallo β-lactamases (MBL) are secreted by K. pneumoniae and hydrolyse cefotaxime antibiotic (CTX), which facilitates bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. Thiol compounds in culture media or urine... More about this image found in Thiol compounds inhibit MBL and re-sensitise bacteria to the antibiotic Zi...
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in The role of the Mediator complex in fungal pathogenesis and response to antifungal agents
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 13 September 2023
Figure 1 The role of Mediator in transcription A diagram (modified from Petrenko et al. [ 60 ]) summarizing the basic role of Mediator in transcription. Mediator is recruited by DNA-bound transcription factors to the promoters of genes via interactions with the tail module (Med2,3,5,15,16). Recru... More about this image found in The role of Mediator in transcription A diagram (modified from Petrenko et...
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in The role of the Mediator complex in fungal pathogenesis and response to antifungal agents
> Essays in Biochemistry
Published: 13 September 2023
Figure 2 Predicted Tlo protein structures Representative structures of Tlo proteins generated by the AlphaFold structure prediction project (alphafold.ebi.ac.uk; [ 61 , 62 ]). The N-terminal domain of α-, β- and γ-clade Tlo proteins, encoding the Med2-like domain, has a largely α-helical structur... More about this image found in Predicted Tlo protein structures Representative structures of Tlo proteins...
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Published: 13 September 2023
Figure 1 Economic and health impacts of mycotoxin in the food and feed supply chains Highlights the impact of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and DON on cereal famers and the associated issues for farmed animal producers. Ultimately cereal- or animal-based foods contaminated with these mycotoxins, or their m... More about this image found in Economic and health impacts of mycotoxin in the food and feed supply chains...
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Published: 13 September 2023
Figure 2 Mechanism of AFB1 induced cancer, malnutrition and stunted growth, and DON induced impairment of immune response, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis ( A ) AFB1 causes genotoxicity through the conversion and hydroxylation of AFB1 to AFBO and AFM1, resulting in mutation in the tumour-suppres... More about this image found in Mechanism of AFB1 induced cancer, malnutrition and stunted growth, and DON ...
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Published: 13 September 2023
Figure 3 Contamination levels of food grains differ by grain for DON and aflatoxin Contamination data are derived from EFSA records spanning from 2010 to 2020. The percent of contaminated samples below the regulatory limit for food (blue), above the food limit (green), and above the higher feed g... More about this image found in Contamination levels of food grains differ by grain for DON and aflatoxin ...
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