... of gene expression, including reshaping nuclear organization and chromatin structure; governing multiple steps of transcription, splicing, mRNA stability, and translation; and affecting post-translational protein modifications. In this review, I present the latest progress on the lncRNA-mediated...

... ]. Correspondence: Zhe Wu ( wuz@sustech.edu.cn ) 13 09 2020 25 10 2020 02 11 2020 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2020 cell nucleus China chromatin non-coding RNA RNA transcription This themed RNA issue contains...

... in the organization of centromeric chromatin beyond binding centromeric proteins. Correspondence: Nikolina Sekulić ( nikolina.sekulic@ncmm.uio.no ) 05 05 2020 16 06 2020 19 06 2020 © 2020 The Author(s). 2020 This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited on behalf...

... is patterned during oocyte development and growth. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of de novo DNA methylation mechanisms in the oocyte: how a distinctive gene-body methylation pattern is created, and the extent to which the DNA methylation machinery reads chromatin states. Recent epigenomic...

.... Transposable elements (TEs) encompass a large portion of most plant genomes [ 70 , 71 ] and can be mutagenic [ 72 ]. Limiting TE activity is critical for cells and the chromatin environment is the primary means of defense. Generally, TEs are silenced by the complementary action of DNA methylation ( Figure 3...

... chromatin gene expression and regulation methylation transcription Chemical modifications to the DNA have the potential to encode transient and permanent changes in gene-regulatory activity that are heritable through cell division and through generations [ 1 , 2 ]. In eukaryotes, the major form...

...Nick Gilbert; James Allan This collection of reviews focuses on the most exciting areas of DNA packaging at the current time. Many of the new discoveries are driven by the development of molecular or imaging techniques, and these are providing insights into the complex world of chromatin...

... on natural ones. Correspondence: Ben E. Black ( blackbe@pennmedicine.upenn.edu ) 30 01 2019 07 03 2019 13 03 2019 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2019 chromatin centromere chromosome epigenetics histone...

...Eloise I. Prieto; Kazuhiro Maeshima The organization and regulation of genomic DNA as nuclear chromatin is necessary for proper DNA function inside living eukaryotic cells. While this has been extensively explored, no true consensus is currently reached regarding the exact mechanism of chromatin...

...Ramasubramanian Sundaramoorthy ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling enzymes play a fundamental role in determining how nucleosomes are organised, and render DNA sequences accessible to interacting proteins, thereby enabling precise regulation of eukaryotic genes. Remodelers conserved from yeast...

...Manuela Moraru; Thomas Schalch Nucleosomes cover eukaryotic genomes like beads on a string and play a central role in regulating genome function. Isolated strings of nucleosomes have the potential to compact and form higher order chromatin structures, such as the well-characterized 30-nm fiber...

...-translationally modify histones, altering their chemical properties to either relax the chromatin, label it for remodelling or make it more compact still. Histones are subject to a myriad of modifications: acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination etc. This review focuses on histone acylations...

...Matthew Watson; Katherine Stott Chromatin comprises proteins, DNA and RNA, and its function is to condense and package the genome in a way that allows the necessary transactions such as transcription, replication and repair to occur in a highly organised and regulated manner. The packaging...

...Macarena Moronta-Gines; Thomas R.H. van Staveren; Kerstin S. Wendt In the nuclei of eukaryotic cells, the genetic information is organized at several levels. First, the DNA is wound around the histone proteins, to form a structure termed as chromatin fiber. This fiber is then arranged...

... components. At a broader level, histone chaperones influence almost all aspects of chromatin biology, regulating histone supply and demand, governing histone variant deposition, maintaining functional chromatin domains and being co-factors for histone post-translational modifications, to name a few...

...Sergei A. Grigoryev; Michael Schubert The DNA of eukaryotic chromatin and chromosomes is repeatedly supercoiled around histone octamers forming ‘beads-on-a-string’ chains of nucleosomes. The extent of nucleosome chain folding and DNA accessibility vary between different functional and epigenetic...

...Sandro Baldi The positioning of nucleosomes relative to DNA and their neighboring nucleosomes represents a fundamental layer of chromatin organization. Changes in nucleosome positioning and spacing affect the accessibility of DNA to regulatory factors and the formation of higher order chromatin...