... (TME). Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant stromal cells in the TME of most solid tumours, and a high TAM density correlates with poor prognosis of cancer patients. Although our knowledge of the interactions between TAMs and NK cells is limited, many studies have indicated...

...Otto P.G. Wheeler; Leonie Unterholzner The DNA sensor cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) and its adaptor protein STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) detect the presence of cytosolic DNA as a sign of infection or damage. In cancer cells, this pathway can be activated through persistent DNA damage...

.... Ultimately, further work is needed to determine which of the diverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors are the fundamental drivers of anti-tumour responses in patients. cancer immunology T-cells The initial groundwork establishing the immune system as having a potential role in cancer...

.... PvTAMs have been demonstrated to support a variety of pro-tumoral functions including angiogenesis, metastasis, and modulating the immune and stromal landscape. Furthermore, PvTAMs can also limit the response of anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic therapies and support tumor recurrence post-treatment...

... of development in evolution. For the last several decades, the terms ‘evolution’ and ‘development’ have been increasingly linked to cancer, in many different frameworks and contexts. This mini-review, as part of a special issue on Evolutionary Developmental Biology, discusses the main areas in cancer research...

..., a deep understanding of hormone signaling was achieved that has translated to numerous clinical applications, such as the development of standard-of-care endocrine therapies for hormonally driven breast and prostate cancers. A 2004 issue of this journal reviewed progress on elucidating the structures...

...Huiwen Yan; Pengcheng Bu Majority of the human genome is transcribed to RNAs that do not encode proteins. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating the initiation and progression of various cancers. Given the importance of the ncRNAs, the roles of ncRNAs in cancers have been...

... in the process of laser-based bioprinting. Then, the most potential applications are listed, including tissue engineering and cancer models. Finally, we present the challenges and opportunities faced by laser-based bioprinting. Correspondence: Roger J. Narayan ( rjnaraya@ncsu.edu ) 03 05 2021 01...

... an exciting future, and challenge, ahead for new therapeutic opportunities which may enable us to enhance treatment outcome for cancer patients and also for neurodegenerative diseases. The author declares that there are no competing interests associated with the manuscript. I would like to thank...

... of human diseases including cancer. Indeed, alterations in DNA methylation are associated with increased susceptibility to tumorigenesis but whether this occurs through effects on the DDR, transcriptional responses or both is not entirely clear. Here, we also highlight epigenetic drugs currently in use...

...Maria Jackson; Leah Marks; Gerhard H.W. May; Joanna B. Wilson © 2020 The Author(s). 2020 This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) . cancer...

... pain, obesity and cancers. Furthermore, LPA signalling through LPA 1 receptors promotes fibrosis in skin, liver, kidneys and lungs. LPA also promotes the spread of tumours to other organs (metastasis) and the pro-survival properties of LPA explain why LPA counteracts the effects of chemotherapeutic...

... of DNA methylation and DNA hydroxymethylation in different genomic contexts, first in normal cells, and how this is altered in cancer. Finally, we discuss DNA methylation profiling technologies and the most recent advances in single-cell methods, bisulfite-free approaches and ultra-long read sequencing...

... cellular processes including proliferation and survival, fate determination, and cell migration. Defects in ECM protein assembly, decreased ECM protein production or, on the contrary, excessive ECM accumulation, have been linked to many pathologies including cardiovascular and skeletal diseases, cancers...

... and physiology which are closely aligned with biochemistry. The discussion of the selected diseases highlights exciting new developments and illuminates key biochemical pathways and commonalities. The article includes coverage of diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, microorganisms and disease, nutrition, liver...

... to disease processes. This review explores the genetic basis of human disease, including single gene disorders, chromosomal imbalances, epigenetics, cancer and complex disorders, and considers how our understanding and technological advances can be applied to provision of appropriate diagnosis, management...

... is accumulating that tumor-derived EVs can play important roles in all steps of cancer progression. Here, we review recent studies reporting critical roles for EVs in four major areas of cancer progression: promotion of cancer invasiveness and motility, enhancement of angiogenesis and vessel permeability...

... and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) . autophagy cancer endocytosis receptor tyrosine kinases signalling Mammalian cells have acquired a diverse and exquisitely fine-tuned set of plasma membrane receptors that sense changes in the extracellular milieu...

... and pathological conditions, including cancer, and metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, have been considered mechanistically as cell-autonomous pathologies, meaning those that damage or defect within a selective population of affected cells suffice to produce disease. It is becoming clear, however, that cells...

... through mTORC1. In cancer cells, such regulation often becomes disconnected, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and an elevation in cellular stress. Consequently, cancer cells often lose homeostatic balance as they grow in unfavorable conditions, i.e. when nutrients and energy are limited yet mTORC1...

... discuss emerging insights and provide specific examples on how components of the cell-non-autonomous proteostasis network are used in cancer and protein-folding diseases to drive disease progression across tissues. * Correspondence: Patricija van Oosten-Hawle (email p.vanoosten-hawle@leeds.ac.uk...

.... Nevertheless, only a handful of lncRNAs have been experimentally investigated, and most of these appear to possess roles in regulating gene expression at a variety of different levels. Several lncRNAs have also been implicated in cancer. This evidence suggests that lncRNAs represent a new class of non-coding...