...Jia Xuan Leong; Gautier Langin; Suayib Üstün Plant immunity is antagonized by pathogenic effectors during interactions with bacteria, viruses or oomycetes. These effectors target core plant processes to promote infection. One such core plant process is autophagy, a conserved proteolytic pathway...

... L. Theodoulou ( freddie.theodoulou@rothamsted.ac.uk ) 21 07 2022 02 08 2022 02 08 2022 © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2022 autophagy crop improvement genome editing proteostasis ubiquitin proteasome...

... or damaged proteins and it can even remove entire chloroplasts when they have suffered heavy damage. This response comprises several processes such as plastid autophagy and ubiquitin–proteasome mediated proteolysis that occurs on the plastid envelope through the action of the ubiquitin–proteasome system...

...Jon D. Lane; Viktor I. Korolchuk; James T. Murray; Aurore Claude-Taupin; Jingyue Jia; Michal Mudd; Vojo Deretic Autophagy is conventionally described as a degradative, catabolic pathway and a tributary to the lysosomal system where the cytoplasmic material sequestered by autophagosomes gets...

... and cellular processes cannot be considered in isolation. Best known for shuttling cytoplasmic content to the lysosome for degradation and repurposing of recycled building blocks such as amino acids, nucleotides, and fatty acids, autophagy serves a housekeeping function in every cell and plays key roles...

...Jon D. Lane; Viktor I. Korolchuk; James T. Murray; Henri Batoko; Yasin Dagdas; Frantisek Baluska; Agnieszka Sirko Autophagy is an essential catabolic pathway and is activated by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli. In particular, autophagy is required to allow sessile organisms such as plants...

... and proliferation, while also maintaining their survival. Autophagy regulation by mTORC1 is critically involved in nutrient and energy homeostasis, cell growth control, and survival. Studying mTORC1 and autophagy as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment has been the focus of a wide range of research...

... has led to the suggestion that the mutations underlying certain forms of PD impair autophagy. Autophagy is a degradative pathway that delivers cytoplasmic content to lysosomes for degradation and represents a major route for degradation of aggregated cellular proteins and dysfunctional organelles...

...Jon D. Lane; Viktor I. Korolchuk; James T. Murray; Jeanne Mialet-Perez; Cécile Vindis Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism of lysosome-mediated protein and organelle degradation that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In the last few years, specific functions...

...; however this area of research remains a hot topic in biomedical sciences. The current ideas and models proposed to explain the interrelationship between amino acid sensing, mTORC1 signalling and autophagy is the subject of the present review. Correspondence: Viktor I. Korolchuk ( viktor.korolchuk...

...Jon D. Lane; Viktor I. Korolchuk; James T. Murray; Maria Zachari; Ian G. Ganley Autophagy is a vital lysosomal degradation pathway that serves as a quality control mechanism. It rids the cell of damaged, toxic or excess cellular components, which if left to persist could be detrimental to the cell...

... responsive to a variety of factors, such as growth, nutrient availability, energetic status and cellular stressors. Lysosomes are also the terminal degradative organelles for autophagy through which macromolecules and damaged cellular components and organelles are degraded. Autophagy acts as a cellular...

...Jon D. Lane; Viktor I. Korolchuk; James T. Murray; Steve Catarino; Paulo Pereira; Henrique Girão Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a selective form of autophagy in which cytosolic proteins bearing a pentapeptide motif biochemically related to the KFERQ sequence, are recognized by the heat shock...

... is known to increase a number of effector mechanisms, including autophagy. In this chapter, we will discuss the emerging role of autophagy as a UPR effector pathway. We will focus on the recently discovered selective autophagy pathway for ER, ER-phagy, with particular emphasis on the structure and function...

...Jon D. Lane; Viktor I. Korolchuk; James T. Murray; David G. McEwan Macroautophagy (‘autophagy’), is the process by which cells can form a double-membraned vesicle that encapsulates material to be degraded by the lysosome. This can include complex structures such as damaged mitochondria, peroxisomes...

... and signalling through receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The regulation of RTK activity by the endocytic pathway has been extensively studied. Compelling recent studies have begun to highlight the association between autophagy and RTK signalling. The influence of this interplay on cellular status and its...

...Jon D. Lane; Viktor I. Korolchuk; James T. Murray; Jon D. Lane; Viktor I. Korolchuk; James T. Murray Essays in Biochemistry volume 61 (issue 6), entitled Signalling Mechanisms in Autophagy , covers a range of topics in autophagy signalling, touching on emerging new details on the mechanisms...

... Kirstein (email Kirstein@fmp-berlin.de ). 14 1 2016 7 3 2016 9 3 2016 © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2016 aggresome amyloid autophagy chaperones degradation deposition disaggregase misfolding polyQ...

... by the cellular pathways of protein degradation. Lysosomes are an important site for the degradation of misfolded proteins, which are trafficked to this organelle by the pathways of macroautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy and endocytosis. Conversely, amyloid diseases represent a failure in proteostasis...

..., or first become ubiquitylated before being transported to the aggresome by HDAC6. Once aggregated, the ubiquitylated aggregate is recognized by an autophagy adapter protein, which mediates clearance of the aggregate by the autophagy–lysosome pathway. Nuclear inclusion bodies are likely to be resolubilized...

... is involved in many cellular processes, including neurotransmitter release, trafficking of transporters and receptors, and biosynthesis of DA (dopamine). autophagy dopamine transporter dopaminergic neuron Lewy body mitochondria NMDA receptor Parkinson's disease substantia nigra synaptic...