...) [ 72–74 ] and fibrosis (N-domain) [ 67 , 75 , 76 ]. ACE inhibitor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 COVID-19 metalloproteases Regulatory peptides control various physiological processes ranging from fertilisation and development to immunity and nervous system function. Active peptides...

... enzyme 2 coronavirus COVID-19 metalloproteases renin-angiotensin system SARS Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), originally termed the ‘hypertensin-converting enzyme’ and discovered in the mid-1950s [ 1 ], is a critical regulator of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and hence...

... leukocytes metalloproteases mucins neutrophils tobacco smoking Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as a chronic airway disorder caused by inhalation of noxious particles or gases, including tobacco smoke; a disorder that is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms...