... without compromising placental perfusion, fetal development and CV health in the offspring. Epigentics Fetal Programming IUGR Placenta Preeclampsia Genome-wide studies are another approach that show different methylation patterns in placenta from women who have early-onset or late-onset...

... fetal development Fetal programming neurodevelopmental disorders pregnancy serotonin (5-HT) trophoblast It is well established that a suboptimal intrauterine environment results in fetal adaptations with adverse consequences persisting after birth, throughout the lifespan and in future...

... an unknown etiology, considerable research efforts in both experimental models and human cohorts has focused on the premise that alterations in the fetal and perinatal environment are key factors in the development of hypertension in children and adults. The exact mechanisms of how fetal programming events...

... with chronic cardiovascular consequences. In a sheep model of fetal programming, in utero BM-exposed (BMX) offspring as adults exhibit elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP), decreased baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) for the control of heart rate and insulin resistance accompanied by dysregulation of the brain...

... on a separate chip. fetal programming gestational diabetes human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) miRNA • The chance of a child developing diabetes is much higher if the child is born to a mother with diabetes during pregnancy and is related, in part, to fetal exposure to a diabetic...

... as fetal programming. The present study evaluated mRNA abundance and immunolocalization of nutrient transporters as well as enterocytes proliferation in the proximal, median and distal segments of small intestine of rats born to protein-restricted dams. Pregnant rats were fed hypoproteic (6% protein...

.... apolipoprotein atherosclerosis cholesterol fetal programming low-protein diet maternal nutrition offspring Specific primary antibodies were used for the following: α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin) (DAKO M0851, 1:500 dilution), Mac3 (macrophage marker 3) (M3/84; Pharmingen, 1:200 dilution), p-ATM...

... cardiovascular response carbenoxolone fetal programming 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase stress In addition to the programming of stress-induced hypertension, excessive fetal glucocorticoid exposure may increase the risk of developing anxiety disorders, including PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder...

... 2009 Biochemical Society 2009 cardiovascular disease fetal programming endothelium gestational diabetes glucose vascular smooth muscle There is increasing evidence that adverse factors in the perinatal environment predispose an individual to disease later in life. This concept...

... Nick Ashton (email nick.ashton@manchester.ac.uk ). 11 7 2008 19 12 2008 7 1 2009 7 1 2009 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Biochemical Society 2009 fetal programming kidney Na + /K + /2Cl − co-transporter (NKCC2) pressure–natriuresis relationship sodium...

... to the concept of ‘fetal programming’. The molecular mechanisms that underlie this relationship remain unclear, but are being extensively investigated using a number of experimental models. One major hypothesis for early life physiological programming implicates fetal overexposure to stress (glucocorticoid...

... of these and future studies could prove clinically crucial, particularly in the debate over the benefits of breast feeding, which provides a lower plane of nutrition compared with formula feeding. The Biochemical Society 2005 appetite cardiovascular disease diabetes fetal programming metabolic syndrome...

... independently or in concert. 1 7 1996 19 7 1996 © 1996 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society 1996 fetal programming glucocorticoids hypertension kidney maternal nutrition rats Clinical Science (1996) 91,607-615 (Printed in Great Britain) 607 Weanling rats...