Issues

The nine classic hallmarks of ageing (the inner pink circle) and five potential new hallmarks (the outer blue circle) were evaluated for their involvement in skeletal muscle ageing and sarcopenia in women and men. Strong evidence was found for epigenetic alteration, mitochondrial dysfunction, neural dysfunction, and moderate evidence for inflammation, deregulated nutrient sensing, immunoaging, extracellular matrix dysfunction, and reduced vascular perfusion as hallmarks for skeletal muscle ageing. Evidence for the relevance of these hallmarks to human sarcopenia is limited but emerging. For further information, see the review by Granic and colleagues (pp. 1721–1751) in this issue. Created with BioRender.com. The image is provided by Antoneta Granic.