Chronic RAS (renin–angiotensin system) activation by both AngII (angiotensin II) and aldosterone leads to hypertension and perpetuates a cascade of pro-hypertrophic, pro-inflammatory, pro-thrombotic and atherogenic effects associated with cardiovascular damage. In 2000, a new pathway consisting of ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme2), Ang-(1–9) [angiotensin-(1–9)], Ang-(1–7) [angiotensin-(1–7)] and the Mas receptor was discovered. Activation of this novel pathway stimulates vasodilation, anti-hypertrophy and anti-hyperplasia. For some time, studies have focused mainly on ACE2, Ang-(1–7) and the Mas receptor, and their biological properties that counterbalance the ACE/AngII/AT1R (angiotensin type 1 receptor) axis. No previous information about Ang-(1–9) suggested that this peptide had biological properties. However, recent data suggest that Ang-(1–9) protects the heart and blood vessels (and possibly the kidney) from adverse cardiovascular remodelling in patients with hypertension and/or heart failure. These beneficial effects are not modified by the Mas receptor antagonist A779 [an Ang-(1–7) receptor blocker], but they are abolished by the AT2R (angiotensin type 2 receptor) antagonist PD123319. Current information suggests that the beneficial effects of Ang-(1–9) are mediated via the AT2R. In the present review, we summarize the biological effects of the novel vasoactive peptide Ang-(1–9), providing new evidence of its cardiovascular-protective activity. We also discuss the potential mechanism by which this peptide prevents and ameliorates the cardiovascular damage induced by RAS activation.
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Review Article|
July 03 2014
Recent insights and therapeutic perspectives of angiotensin-(1–9) in the cardiovascular system
Maria Paz Ocaranza;
*División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Correspondence: Dr María Paz Ocaranza (email mocaran@med.puc.cl).
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Luis Michea;
Luis Michea
†Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
‡Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
§Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Celula (CMEC), Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Mario Chiong;
Mario Chiong
§Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Celula (CMEC), Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Carlos F. Lagos;
Carlos F. Lagos
∥Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sergio Lavandero;
Sergio Lavandero
‡Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
§Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Celula (CMEC), Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
¶Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.
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Jorge E. Jalil
Jorge E. Jalil
*División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
August 05 2013
Revision Received:
June 10 2014
Accepted:
June 13 2014
Online ISSN: 1470-8736
Print ISSN: 0143-5221
© The Authors Journal compilation © 2014 Biochemical Society
2014
Clin Sci (Lond) (2014) 127 (9): 549–557.
Article history
Received:
August 05 2013
Revision Received:
June 10 2014
Accepted:
June 13 2014
Citation
Maria Paz Ocaranza, Luis Michea, Mario Chiong, Carlos F. Lagos, Sergio Lavandero, Jorge E. Jalil; Recent insights and therapeutic perspectives of angiotensin-(1–9) in the cardiovascular system. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 November 2014; 127 (9): 549–557. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20130449
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