PPARβ/δ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor β/δ) is one of three PPARs in the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that are collectively involved in the control of lipid homoeostasis among other functions. PPARβ/δ not only acts as a ligand-activated transcription factor, but also affects signal transduction by interacting with other transcription factors such as NF-κB (nuclear factor κB). Constitutive expression of PPARβ/δ in the gastrointestinal tract is very high compared with other tissues and its potential physiological roles in this tissue include homoeostatic regulation of intestinal cell proliferation/differentiation and modulation of inflammation associated with inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Analysis of mouse epithelial cells in the intestine and colon has clearly demonstrated that ligand activation of PPARβ/δ induces terminal differentiation. The PPARβ/δ target genes mediating this effect are currently unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that PPARβ/δ can suppress inflammatory bowel disease through PPARβ/δ-dependent and ligand-independent down-regulation of inflammatory signalling. However, the role of PPARβ/δ in colon carcinogenesis remains controversial, as conflicting evidence suggests that ligand activation of PPARβ/δ can either potentiate or attenuate this disease. In the present review, we summarize the role of PPARβ/δ in gastrointestinal physiology and disease with an emphasis on findings in experimental models using both high-affinity ligands and null-mouse models.
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Review Article|
July 15 2008
Role of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) in gastrointestinal tract function and disease
Jeffrey M. Peters;
*Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.
†Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.
Correspondence: Dr Jeffrey M. Peters (jmp21@psu.edu).
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Holly E. Hollingshead;
Holly E. Hollingshead
*Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.
†Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.
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Frank J. Gonzalez
Frank J. Gonzalez
‡Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 U.S.A.
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
January 21 2008
Revision Received:
February 27 2008
Accepted:
February 29 2008
Online ISSN: 1470-8736
Print ISSN: 0143-5221
© The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Biochemical Society
2008
Clin Sci (Lond) (2008) 115 (4): 107–127.
Article history
Received:
January 21 2008
Revision Received:
February 27 2008
Accepted:
February 29 2008
Citation
Jeffrey M. Peters, Holly E. Hollingshead, Frank J. Gonzalez; Role of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) in gastrointestinal tract function and disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 August 2008; 115 (4): 107–127. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20080022
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