Sex differences in angiotensin II-induced hypertension and kidney injury: role of AT_1a receptors in the proximal tubule of the kidney

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that there are significant sex differences in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension and kidney injury using male and female wildtype (WT) and proximal tubule-specific AT_1a receptor knockout mice (PT-Agtr1a^−/−). Twelve groups (n=8–12 per group) of adult male and female WT and PT-Agtr1a^−/− mice were infused with a pressor dose of Ang II via osmotic minipump for 2 weeks (1.5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) and simultaneously treated with or without losartan (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.) to determine the respective roles of AT_1a receptors in the proximal tubules versus systemic tissues. Basal systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure were approximately 13 ± 3 mmHg lower (P<0.01), while basal 24-h urinary Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl⁻ excretion were significantly higher in both male and female PT-Agtr1a^−/− mice than WT controls (P<0.01) without significant sex differences between different strains. Both male and female WT and PT-Agtr1a^−/− mice developed hypertension (P<0.01), and the magnitudes of the pressor responses to Ang II were similar between male and female WT and PT-Agtr1a^−/− mice (n.s.). Likewise, Ang II-induced hypertension was significantly attenuated in both male and female PT-Agtr1a^−/− mice (P<0.01). Furthermore, losartan attenuated the hypertensive responses to Ang II to similar extents in both male and female WT and PT-Agtr1a^−/− mice. Finally, Ang II-induced kidney injury was attenuated in PT-Agtr1a^−/− mice (P<0.01). In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that deletion of AT_1a receptors in the proximal tubules of the kidney attenuates Ang II-induced hypertension and kidney injury without revealing significant sex differences.