The RAS (renin–angiotensin system) plays a role not only in the cardiovascular system, including blood pressure regulation, but also in the central nervous system. AngII (angiotensin II) binds two major receptors: the AT1 receptor (AngII type 1 receptor) and AT2 receptor (AngII type 2 receptor). It has been recognized that AT2 receptor activation not only opposes AT1 receptor actions, but also has unique effects beyond inhibitory cross-talk with AT1 receptor signalling. Novel pathways beyond the classical actions of RAS, the ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)/AngII/AT1 receptor axis, have been highlighted: the ACE2/Ang-(1–7) [angiotensin-(1–7)]/Mas receptor axis as a new opposing axis against the ACE/AngII/AT1 receptor axis, novel AngII-receptor-interacting proteins and various AngII-receptor-activation mechanisms including dimer formation. ATRAP (AT1-receptor-associated protein) and ATIP (AT2-receptor-interacting protein) are well-characterized AngII-receptor-associated proteins. These proteins could regulate the functions of AngII receptors and thereby influence various pathophysiological states. Moreover, the possible cross-talk between PPAR (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor)-γ and AngII receptor subtypes is an intriguing issue to be addressed in order to understand the roles of RAS in the metabolic syndrome, and interestingly some ARBs (AT1-receptor blockers) have been reported to have an AT1-receptor-blocking action with a partial PPAR-γ agonistic effect. These emerging concepts concerning the regulation of AngII receptors are discussed in the present review.
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Review Article|
April 20 2012
Regulation of angiotensin II receptors beyond the classical pathway
Masatsugu Horiuchi;
1Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Tohon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
Correspondence: Professor Masatsugu Horiuchi (email horiuchi@m.ehime-u.ac.jp).
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Jun Iwanami;
Jun Iwanami
1Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Tohon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Masaki Mogi
Masaki Mogi
1Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Tohon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
December 22 2011
Revision Received:
January 31 2012
Accepted:
February 21 2012
Online ISSN: 1470-8736
Print ISSN: 0143-5221
© The Authors Journal compilation © 2012 Biochemical Society
2012
Clin Sci (Lond) (2012) 123 (4): 193–203.
Article history
Received:
December 22 2011
Revision Received:
January 31 2012
Accepted:
February 21 2012
Citation
Masatsugu Horiuchi, Jun Iwanami, Masaki Mogi; Regulation of angiotensin II receptors beyond the classical pathway. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 August 2012; 123 (4): 193–203. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20110677
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