Diabetes is a mutifactorial metabolic disorder that leads to a number of complications. Diabetes is estimated to affect 36 million people in the U.S.A., and the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes is at 9.3% and continues to rise. Evidence from experimental animal models as well as humans has indicated that systemic inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiological processes of diabetes and is facilitated by innate immune responses. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) are key innate immune receptors that recognize conserved PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns), induce inflammatory responses essential for host defences and initiate an adaptive immune response. Although TLR expression is increased in a plethora of inflammatory disorders, the effects of metabolic aberrations on TLRs and their role in diabetes and its complications is still emerging. In the present paper, we provide a systematic review on how TLRs play a detrimental role in the pathogenic processes [increased blood sugar, NEFAs (non-esterified ‘free’ fatty acids), cytokines and ROS (reactive oxygen species)] that manifest diabetes. Furthermore, we will highlight some of the therapeutic strategies targeted at decreasing TLRs to abrogate inflammation in diabetes that may eventually result in decreased complications.
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Review Article|
October 28 2011
Toll-like receptors and diabetes: a therapeutic perspective
Mohan R. Dasu;
1Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, U.S.A.
Correspondence: Dr Mohan R. Dasu (email ravi.dasu@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu).
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Sandra Ramirez;
Sandra Ramirez
1Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, U.S.A.
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Roslyn R. Isseroff
Roslyn R. Isseroff
1Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, U.S.A.
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
July 12 2011
Revision Received:
September 01 2011
Accepted:
September 08 2011
Online ISSN: 1470-8736
Print ISSN: 0143-5221
© The Authors Journal compilation © 2012 Biochemical Society
2012
Clin Sci (Lond) (2012) 122 (5): 203–214.
Article history
Received:
July 12 2011
Revision Received:
September 01 2011
Accepted:
September 08 2011
Citation
Mohan R. Dasu, Sandra Ramirez, Roslyn R. Isseroff; Toll-like receptors and diabetes: a therapeutic perspective. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 March 2012; 122 (5): 203–214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20110357
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