Vacuoles are membrane vesicles in eukaryotic cells, the digestive system of cells that break down substances absorbed outside the cell and digest the useless components of the cell itself. Researches on anti-cancer and intractable diseases using vacuoles are being actively conducted. The practical application of this study to animals requires the determination of the biocompatibility of vacuole. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of vacuoles isolated from S. cerevisiae in RAW264.7 cells. This showed a significant increase in the production of nitric oxide produced by macrophage activity. Using Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Assay, we identified that ROS is increased in a manner dependent on vacuole concentration. Western blot analysis showed that vacuole concentration-dependently increased protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Therefore, iNOS expression was stimulated to induce Nitric oxide (NO) production. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels promoted, such as interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor -α. In summary, vacuoles activate the immune response of macrophages by promoting the production of immune-mediated transporters NO, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Research Article|
August 24 2021
Enhanced Immune Response by Vacuoles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in RAW 264.7 Macrophages
Su-Min Lee;
Su-Min Lee
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea (South), Republic of
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Wooil Choi;
Wooil Choi
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea (South), Republic of
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Woo-Ri Shin;
Woo-Ri Shin
Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea (South), Republic of
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Yang-Hoon Kim;
Yang-Hoon Kim
Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea (South), Republic of
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Jiho Min
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea (South), Republic of
* Corresponding Author; email: jihomin@jbnu.ac.kr
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
May 12 2021
Revision Received:
July 09 2021
Accepted:
July 27 2021
Online ISSN: 1573-4935
Print ISSN: 0144-8463
Copyright 2021 The Author(s)
2021
This is an Accepted Manuscript; not the final Version of Record. You are encouraged to use the final Version of Record that, when published, will replace this manuscript and be freely available under a Creative Commons licence.
Biosci Rep (2021) BSR20211158.
Article history
Received:
May 12 2021
Revision Received:
July 09 2021
Accepted:
July 27 2021
Citation
Su-Min Lee, Wooil Choi, Woo-Ri Shin, Yang-Hoon Kim, Jiho Min; Enhanced Immune Response by Vacuoles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Biosci Rep 2021; BSR20211158. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20210338
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