The various neutral amino acids and aliphatic 2-keto acids exhibit differential effects on insulin secretion. The common denominator for all these effects is the 2-ketoglutarate generation in the pancreatic B-cell mitochondria. The neutral amino acids l-leucine and l-norvaline and the aliphatic ketomonocarboxylic acids 2-ketoisocaproate, 2-ketocaproate, 2-ketovalerate, and 2-keto-3-methylvalerate all stimulate insulin secretion and increase 2-ketoglutarate generation in pancreatic B-cell mitochondria through activation of glutamate dehydrogenase and transamination with l-glutamate and l-glutamine, respectively. The neutral amino acids l-valine, l-norleucine, and l-alanine and the aliphatic 2-keto acids 2-ketoisovalerate and pyruvate do not stimulate insulin secretion and do not increase 2-ketoglutarate generation in pancreatic B-cell mitochondria. Inhibition of 2-keto acid induced insulin secretion by l-valine and l-isoleucine is accompanied by reduced 2-ketoglutarate generation in pancreatic B-cell mitochondria. Thus intramitochondrial 2-ketoglutarate generation in pancreatic B-cells may regulate the insulin secretory potency of amino acids and 2-keto acids.
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February 01 1986
3-Ketoglutarate generation in pancreatic B-cell mitochondria regulates insulin secretory action of amino acids and 2-keto acids
S. Lenzen;
S. Lenzen
1Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-3400, Göttingen, FRG
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W. Schmidt;
W. Schmidt
1Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-3400, Göttingen, FRG
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I. Rustenbeck;
I. Rustenbeck
1Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-3400, Göttingen, FRG
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U. Panten
U. Panten
1Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-3400, Göttingen, FRG
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
November 26 1985
Online ISSN: 1573-4935
Print ISSN: 0144-8463
© 1986 Plenum Publishing Corporation
1986
Biosci Rep (1986) 6 (2): 163–169.
Article history
Received:
November 26 1985
Citation
S. Lenzen, W. Schmidt, I. Rustenbeck, U. Panten; 3-Ketoglutarate generation in pancreatic B-cell mitochondria regulates insulin secretory action of amino acids and 2-keto acids. Biosci Rep 1 February 1986; 6 (2): 163–169. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01115002
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