... leucine mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulatory associated protein of mTOR (raptor) Rheb tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) The protein kinase TOR (target of rapamycin), is a fundamental regulator of cellular metabolism, growth and proliferation in all eukaryotes [ 1 ], functioning...

...) phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) Rheb tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) It is clear that the primary event in Akt activation is its recruitment to the plasma membrane downstream of PI3K. Blocking mTORC1 activity, in both TSC-deficient and wild-type cells, greatly enhances PI3K activation, leading...

... lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) mammalian target of rapamcyin (mTOR) tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) Although limitations in our current understanding of the molecular bases of tuberous sclerosis demand a cautious approach to clinical application, the results gained so far fully justify the further development...

... amino acids act to stimulate mTORC1 remains to be elucidated (see also Figure 2 ). amino acid eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein (4E-BP) GTPase-activating protein (GAP) mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC...

...-phosphate S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) The term ‘nutrient sensing’ has been defined and interpreted in different ways. In the narrowest sense, a nutrient sensor is a protein whose binding to a nutrient leads to a change in the function of that protein, which in some cases...

... signalling, by phosphorylating IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1) [ 24 , 25 ]. 14 9 2005 © 2006 The Biochemical Society 2006 eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) G-protein insulin mRNA translation mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) Insulin...

...M. Nellist; M.A. Goedbloed; D.J.J. Halley Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder characterized by seizures, mental disability, renal dysfunction and dermatological abnormalities. The disease is caused by inactivation of either hamartin or tuberin, the products of the TSC1 and TSC2...

...V. Ramesh Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2 , is characterized by the development of hamartomas in a variety of organs. Concordant with the tumour-suppressor model, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is known to occur...