... g.moore@uea.ac.uk ). 3 8 2012 © 2012 The Authors Journal 2012 colicin intrinsic disorder Tol Ton translocation For many years, it has been axiomatic that the physiological functional states of most proteins are structured. An illustration of this is that most current...

... is the TolA hub protein which forms protein–protein interactions with all other members and also with extrinsic proteins such as colicins A, E1, E2–E9 and N, and the coat proteins of the Ff family of filamentous bacteriophages. In the present paper, we review the role of TolA in the translocation of colicin...

...Nicholas G. Housden; Colin Kleanthous We are investigating how protein bacteriocins import their toxic payload across the Gram-negative cell envelope, both as a means of understanding the translocation process itself and as a means of probing the organization of the cell envelope and the function...

... structurally, but not functionally, as a scaffold on the surface of the target cell so that they can be translocated across the outer membrane. During the import into the periplasm, colicins parasitize functionally membrane porins and energy-transducers by mimicking their natural substrates or interacting...

...Daniel A. Bonsor; Nicola A. Meenan; Colin Kleanthous The translocation of protein toxins into a cell relies on a myriad of protein–protein interactions. One such group of toxins are enzymatic E colicins, protein antibiotics produced by Escherichia coli in times of stress. These proteins subvert...

... of the Drosophila homeoprotein Antennapaedia (residues 43–58, commonly named penetratin, RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK), also provide novel insights into the fundamental mechanisms of translocation across biological membranes. Thus the efficacy of CPP-mediated cargo delivery continues to provide valuable tools for biomedical...

... regulates insulin gene expression in part through the activation and translocation of PDX-1 from the nuclear periphery to the nucleoplasm. We have also found that PASK [PAS (Per-Arnt-Sim) kinase], a member of the nutrient-regulated family of protein kinases, is activated in response to glucose challenge...

... © 2005 The Biochemical Society 2005 helicase molecular motor nucleic acid metabolism nucleotide triphosphatase (NTPase) strand separation translocation Figure 3 The co-operative inchworm model describing streptavidin displacement from a biotinylated oligonucleotide...

... question concerns the driving force for the acceleration of movement during translocation. Is EF-G an active motor that couples the energy of GTP hydrolysis with the movement through direct mechanochemical coupling, or is it a Brownian motor that biases thermal fluctuations towards movement by structural...

... and interacting with other host components. The IgA proteases are released by the type V secretion pathway, which involves translocation through two membranes and an autolytic, post-translational processing step. Results reported recently throw light on the type V secretion pathway and on the roles...