...Mark A. Watson; Hoi-Shan Wong; Martin D. Brand Changes in mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production may contribute to various pathologies, and even aging, given that over time and in certain conditions, they damage macromolecules and disrupt normal redox signalling. Mitochondria...

... of air pollution. 1 email mark.miller@ed.ac.uk 4 4 2014 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2014 Biochemical Society 2014 air pollution atherosclerosis cardiovascular diesel exhaust oxidative stress superoxide The detrimental health effects of air pollution...

...Balaraman Kalyanaraman HE (hydroethidine), a widely used fluorescent dye for detecting intracellular superoxide, undergoes specific oxidation and hydroxylation reactions. The reaction between HE and O 2 •− (superoxide radical) yields a diagnostic marker product, 2-hydroxyethidium. This is contrary...

... of pharmacological and genetic approaches. In this mini review, we will evaluate recent advances made towards understanding the roles of reactive oxygen species in inflammation, focusing in particular on superoxide and peroxynitrite. Given the limited space to cover this broad topic, here we will refer the reader...

... meningitis. Following activation, macrophages produce superoxide (O 2 − ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and nitric oxide (NO). The toxicity of O 2 − , generated using X/Xo (xanthine/xanthine oxidase), and H 2 O 2 was investigated in the presence and absence of the NO donor DEA-NONOate [2-( N , N...

...G. Martens; Y. Cai; S. Hinke; G. Stangé; M. Van De Casteele; D. Pipeleers Excessively high glucose concentrations have been shown to damage tissues through stimulation of mitochondrial superoxide generation. This effect has therefore been considered as a potential cause for dysfunction and death...

... 2004 hydrogen peroxide phosphatase protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) reactive oxygen species (ROS) redox signalling superoxide Regulated reversible phosphorylation of proteins and other cellular molecules plays a ubiquitous role in the control of cellular behaviour. Several different...

...J.W. Whittaker The manganese and iron SODs (superoxide dismutases) form a superfamily of closely related antioxidant defence metalloenzymes. MnSOD requires Mn (not Fe) for activity. However, when MnSOD is expressed in Escherichia coli grown in medium supplemented with ferrous salts, Fe substitutes...

...M.G. Mason; P. Nicholls; M.T. Wilson Cellobiose oxidoreductase is a flavocytochrome secreted by wood-rotting fungi. The structure and functional role of the enzyme are reviewed, and a mechanism through which the enzyme produces superoxide, ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide is proposed...

..., were over 65 years old (mean age 82.5 years) and had sustained a fractured neck of femur. We obtained neutrophils and examined the process of microbial engulfment by phagocytosis and the bactericidal mechanism of superoxide production. In the 5-week period after trauma, almost half of the elderly...

... 2001 © 2002 Biochemical Society 2002 ROS, reactive oxygen species UQH' − , ubisemiquinone radical XOD, xanthine oxidase haemoglobin mitochondrion myoglobin oxygen superoxide Biochemical Society Transactions (2002) Volume 30, part 2 18 19 20 21 22 Timmons, J. A., Gustafsson. T...

... it was likely to be reduced but not when it was likely to become oxidized. However, the redox state of endogenous CoQ did not affect mitochondrial proton conductance. Stimulation by CoQ was not inhibited by cyclosporin A, carboxyatractylate, bongkrekate and catalase but could be reversed by superoxide dismutase...