... signaling to mTORC1 through the Rag GTPases. Correspondence: Jenna L. Jewell ( Jenna.Jewell@UTSouthwestern.edu ) * These authors contributed equally to this work. 9 12 2022 21 2 2023 23 2 2023 © 2023 The Author(s) 2023 This is an open access article published...

...Adrián F. Alvarez; Dimitris Georgellis Two-component systems (TCSs) are modular signaling circuits that regulate diverse aspects of microbial physiology in response to environmental cues. These molecular circuits comprise a sensor histidine kinase (HK) protein that contains a conserved histidine...

... defense cOA CRISPR nuclease signaling CRISPR–Cas is an adaptive immune system in prokaryotes that provides sequence-specific immunity against mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as phages, transposons and (conjugative) plasmids, although other non-immune functions have been identified as well...

... and the functions of the dynamics in the regulation of p53-dependent cell stress responses. We also compare dynamic encoding in the p53 system with that found in other important cell signaling systems, many of which can interact with the p53 network. Finally, we highlight some of the current challenges...

... that integrates metabolic signals and adapts cellular metabolism and functions to nutritional changes and stress. Feedforward and feedback loops, crosstalks and a plethora of modulators finely balance MTOR-driven anabolic and catabolic processes. This complexity renders it difficult — if not impossible...

... of individual PDGFRs upon activation, revealing the importance of the whole receptor in the propagation of extracellular ligand binding and dimerization. Furthermore, we review ongoing research demonstrating the significance of receptor internalization and signal attenuation in the regulation of PDGFR activity...

... (ITK), a mediator of T cell Receptor signaling, plays a critical role in tuning the development of these effector cells. In this review we discussed the role that signals downstream of ITK, including the Ras/MAPK pathway, play in differentially controlling the differentiation of T H 17, Foxp3 + T...

...Maurizio Mongiat; Simone Buraschi; Eva Andreuzzi; Thomas Neill; Renato V. Iozzo The extracellular matrix is a network of secreted macromolecules that provides a harmonious meshwork for the growth and homeostatic development of organisms. It conveys multiple signaling cascades affecting specific...

... interactions with GEFs, GAPs and effectors through colocalization and positional matching. Furthermore, it leads to small GTPase nanoclustering and to lipid demixing, which drives the assembly of molecular platforms in which proteins and lipids co-operate in producing high-fidelity signals through feedback...

... GTPases signaling TBC1D1 TBC1D4 Rab (Ras-related proteins in brain) GTPases comprise the largest family within the monomeric 27 kDa Ras-like G protein superfamily [ 1 – 5 ]. Rab proteins cycle between active GTP-bound ‘on' and inactive GDP-bound ‘off' conformational states [ 5 , 6...

... disorders. Correspondence: Kenneth Maiese ( wntin75@yahoo.com ) 25 11 2017 11 2 2018 15 2 2018 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2018 cell death molecular disease signaling Neurodegenerative disorders...

... structure prediction toward accuracies approaching the experimental resolution limit. Going beyond structure prediction, the same mathematical framework allows mimicking evolutionary fitness landscapes to infer signaling interactions, epistasis, or mutational landscapes. Correspondence: Alexander...

...Galina Semenova; Jonathan Chernoff p21-Activated kinase 1 (PAK1) has attracted much attention as a potential therapeutic target due to its central role in many oncogenic signaling pathways, its frequent dysregulation in cancers and neurological disorders, and its tractability as a target for small...

... in eukaryotes and have been implicated in different cellular processes, including vesicular trafficking, signal transduction, and lipid metabolism. Recent studies suggest that PITPs function at membrane contact sites (MCSs) to facilitate the transport of PI from its synthesis site at the endoplasmic reticulum...