... in number to 1–3 per chromosome pair that are predominantly located towards the chromosome ends. This reduces the probability of advantageous traits recombining onto the same chromosome, thus limiting breeding. Therefore, understanding the underlying factors controlling meiotic recombination may provide...

... centromere chromosome heterochromatin fission yeast loss of heterozygosity (LOH) recombination Schizosaccharomyces pombe Swi6 Certain cancer cells, particularly solid tumours, are known for dramatic CIN (chromosome instability) phenotypes. Aneuploidy and other numerical disruptions (nCIN...

...-terminus also interacts with the XerCD site-specific recombinases which act at the dif site, located in the terminus region. The motor domain of FtsK is an active translocase in vitro , and, when incubated with XerCD and a supercoiled plasmid containing two dif sites, recombination occurs to give unlinked...

... patterns of natural variation that can be tested in the laboratory when combined with a diversity of natural variants and versatile genetic markers. We review how this approach has highlighted the importance of recombination as an evolutionary parameter and provided insight into a molecular mechanism...

... genome recombination Rep repair UvrD Helicases play essential roles in both the actual process of DNA replication and the repair or resuscitation of blocked replication forks. This class of enzymes use the energy derived from hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates (usually ATP) to translocate...

... systems in archaea are generally more similar to those in eukaryotes than those in bacteria, the order Methanococcales has a unique complement of DNA replication proteins, with multiple MCM (minichromosome maintenance) proteins and no obvious originbinding protein. A search for homologues of recombination...

...Anna A. Torgasheva; Pavel M. Borodin Inversion heterozygotes are expected to suffer from reduced fertility and a high incidence of chromosomally unbalanced gametes due to recombination within the inverted region. Non-homologous synapsis of the inverted regions can prevent recombination...

...Phoebe A. Rice; Kent. W. Mouw; Sherwin P. Montaño; Martin R. Boocock; Sally-J. Rowland; W. Marshall Stark A remarkable feature of the serine resolvases is their regulation: the wild-type enzymes will catalyse intra- but not inter-molecular recombination, can sense the relative orientation...

... maintenance mechanism), either expression of telomerase or activation of the ALT (alternative lengthening of telomeres) pathway. Activation of the ALT mechanism results in deregulation of recombination-based activities at telomeres. Thus ALT+ cells show elevated T-SCE (telomere sister-chromatid exchange...

... molecular biology of Hel308, drawing together ideas of how it may contribute to genome stability through the control of recombination, with reference to paradigms developed in bacteria. archaeon Hel308 helicase recombination repair replication Since many stages of replication, repair...

... progress in understanding recombination events of exogenous DNA into the chromosomes of Sulfolobus solfataricus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and their application in the construction of targeted-deletion mutant strains. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (email albers@mpi-marburg.mpg.de...

...S.L. Sherman; N.E. Lamb; E. Feingold Advancing maternal age has long been identified as the primary risk factor for human chromosome trisomy. More recently, altered patterns of meiotic recombination have been found to be associated with non-disjunction. We have used trisomy 21 as a model for human...

...C.C.A. Spencer Meiotic recombination in humans is thought to occur as part of the resolution of DSBs (double-strand breaks). The repair of DSBs potentially leads to biases in DNA repair that can distort the population frequency of the alleles at single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Genome-wide...

...S.P. Otto; A.C. Gerstein One of the greatest puzzles in evolutionary biology is the high frequency of sexual reproduction and recombination. Given that individuals surviving to reproductive age have genomes that function in their current environment, why should they risk shuffling their genes...

... to multiple processes that create considerable heterogeneity. Genetic evidence suggests that meiotic recombination within telomeres is rare. However, there are various lines of evidence that implicate the involvement of intra-allelic processes in human telomere dynamics. In this paper, we briefly review some...

...P.A. Hunt By comparison with other species, the meiotic process in the human female is extraordinarily error-prone. In addition to the well-known effect of advancing maternal age, recent studies have demonstrated that the number and location of meiotic recombination events influences the likelihood...

...S. Myers; C.C.A. Spencer; A. Auton; L. Bottolo; C. Freeman; P. Donnelly; G. McVean Using the statistical analysis of genetic variation, we have developed a high-resolution genetic map of recombination hotspots and recombination rate variation across the human genome. This map, which has...

... linked. Linkage of homologous chromosomes occurs during G 2 ; in cytological terms this stage is known as prophase I ( Figure 1 ). In most organisms including humans, three co-ordinated events occur during prophase I that ensure this linkage, namely homologous chromosome pairing, recombination...

...C. Mézard Many studies have demonstrated that the distribution of meiotic crossover events along chromosomes is non-random in plants and other species with sexual reproduction. Large differences in recombination frequencies appear at several scales. On a large scale, regions of high and low rates...

... cancer DNA repair helicase recombination topoisomerase The RecQ family of DNA helicases has received considerable interest due to their putative roles in suppression of cancer and premature ageing in humans [ 1 ]. Mutations in three different human RecQ helicase genes cause BS (Bloom's syndrome...

...T. Allers; H.-P. Ngo Homologous recombination is a fundamental cellular process that rearranges genes both within and between chromosomes, promotes repair of damaged DNA and underpins replication. Much of our understanding of recombination stems from pioneering studies of bacterial and eukaryotic...

.... Several mutants inactivated in mitochondrial genes encoding components of the respiratory complexes I, III and IV have been characterized at the molecular level. Assembly of complex I in several mutant strains and mapping of mitochondrial mutations by recombinational analysis are also described. 1...