...John E. Walker The ATP synthases are multiprotein complexes found in the energy-transducing membranes of bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria. They employ a transmembrane protonmotive force, Δ p , as a source of energy to drive a mechanical rotary mechanism that leads to the chemical synthesis...

... Journal compilation © 2011 Biochemical Society 2011 anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) hydrazine hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) nitrate reductase (nar) protonmotive force Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) is the direct coupling of ammonium and nitrite under anoxic conditions...

... we found a nucleotide-sensitive conductance pathway whose ‘break-point’, the protonmotive force at which conductance suddenly increased, could be subtly modulated by free fatty acids. The nucleotide-binding site on the outer face of the inner membrane was characterized and identified by photoaffinity...