...Kristina Lorenzen; Tony Pawson In recent years, HDX-MS (hydrogen–deuterium exchange coupled to MS) on biomolecules has evolved from a niche technique to a powerful method in the investigation of protein dynamics. Protein kinases, in particular, represent an area of active study using this technique...

...Mark Linch; Philippe Riou; Jeroen Claus; Angus J. Cameron; Julien de Naurois; Banafshe Larijani; Tony Ng; Neil Q. McDonald; Peter J. Parker The empirical derivation of PKC (protein kinase C) domain structures and those modelled by homology or imputed from protein behaviour have been extraordinarily...

...Susan S. Taylor; Andrey Shaw; Jiancheng Hu; Hiruy S. Meharena; Alexandr Kornev The catalytic (C) subunit of PKA was the first protein kinase structure to be solved, and it continues to serve as the prototype for the protein kinase superfamily. In contrast, by comparing many active and inactive...

... architecture. Most mitotic protein phosphorylation events are catalysed by a small subset of serine/threonine protein kinases. These include members of the Cdk (cyclin-dependent kinase), Plk (Polo-like kinase), Aurora, Nek (NimA-related kinase) and Bub families, as well as Haspin, Greatwall and Mps1/TTK...

... that PR61ϵ, a B56 family regulatory subunit of PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A), associates with and regulates the activity of MAP4K3 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 3), a protein kinase regulated by amino acid sufficiency that acts upstream of mTORC1. In searching for a physiological...

...Christopher G. Proud The TOR (target of rapamycin) proteins are found in all eukaryotes. TOR has a protein kinase domain, as well as other domains through which it interacts with partner proteins to form at least two types of multiprotein complex, TORC1 and TORC2 (TOR complexes 1 and 2). Rapamycin...

... composition, protein kinases and neuronal activity during development and in response to sensory experience. Recent evidence indicates that Ca 2+ permeability of neuronal NMDARs, NMDAR-mediated Ca 2+ signalling in spines and induction of NMDAR-dependent LTP (long-term potentiation) at hippocampal Schaffer...

...Louise N. Johnson Phosphorylation plays essential roles in nearly every aspect of cell life. Protein kinases regulate signalling pathways and cellular processes that mediate metabolism, transcription, cell-cycle progression, differentiation, cytoskeleton arrangement and cell movement, apoptosis...

... factors and hypertrophic stimuli. mTORC1 signalling regulates several components of the protein synthetic machinery, including initiation and elongation factors, protein kinases which phosphorylate the ribosome and/or translation factors, and the translation of specific mRNAs. However, there are still...

...Deborah C.I. Goberdhan; C.A. Richard Boyd mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that has roles in cell metabolism, cell growth and cell survival. Although it has been known for some years that mTOR acts as a hub for inputs from growth factors...

... correspondence should be addressed (email jtrimmer@ucdavis.edu ). 11 6 2007 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2007 Biochemical Society 2007 calcineurin electrical signalling ion channel mass spectrometry neuron protein kinase Protein phosphorylation constitutes one of the major...

...L. Johnson This review focuses on the recognition properties of protein kinases at the molecular level. Phosphorylation of the substrate protein by a protein kinase can result in enzyme activation or inhibition, conformational changes that change recognition properties, or the creation of a surface...

...R.C. Wek; H.-Y. Jiang; T.G. Anthony In response to environmental stresses, a family of protein kinases phosphorylate eIF2 (eukaryotic initiation factor 2) to alleviate cellular injury or alternatively induce apoptosis. Phosphorylation of eIF2 reduces global translation, allowing cells to conserve...

... molecules or second messengers under heat stress and during non-stressed conditions. LCBs are now recognized as regulators of AGC-type protein kinase (where AGC stands for protein kinases A, G and C) Pkh1 and Pkh2, which are homologues of mammalian phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1. LCBs were...

... of relatively selective small molecules have facilitated chemical manipulation of the enzyme in intact cells and tissues, and new roles for the protein kinase in embryonic stem cell differentiation and motility have emerged. Despite these advances, the therapeutic value of this enzyme as a drug target remains...

..., relatively little is known about the function of the protein kinase activity. We discuss the evidence that suggests that the protein kinase activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinases mediates important signalling functions in cells. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail lafouk...

... circadian rhythm crassulacean acid metabolism gene expression phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase protein kinase Abbreviations used: CAM, crassulacean acid metabolism; PEPc, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. 728 Biochemical Society Transactions (2003) Volume 31, part 3 How to tell the time...

... in the future. AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase ARF, ADP-ribosylation factor eIF2B, eukaryotic initiation factor 2B ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase ES cells, embryonic stem cells GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3 IGF, insulin-like growth factor MSKI, mitogen- and stress-activated protein...