... to an increasingly accurate picture of (i) the cell lineages culminating in the different cell types present in the microsporangium (the microsporocytes, the tapetum, and the middle and endothecial layers), and (ii) some of the genes responsible for specifying their fates. However, the processes that confer polarity...

... controls cell protrusion, while Cdc42 controls cell polarity. An indication that Rho GTPases can promote gene transcriptional changes came in 1995, when two groups showed that Rac and Cdc42 activate the JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascades, and another...