..., virulence and immune response mechanisms. Mammalian EVs play an increasingly recognised role to fight infection, yet may also be commandeered to disseminate pathogens and enhance infection. EVs released by bacterial pathogens may deliver toxins to host cells, signalling molecules and new DNA to other...

... clinical and preclinical research contributed to a better understanding of pathophysiology of sepsis. The dysregulated host response in sepsis is complex, with both pathogen-related factors contributing to disease, as well as immune-cell mediated inflammatory responses that can lead to adverse outcomes...

...Brian Henderson We are rapidly returning to a world in which bacterial infections are a major health issue. Pathogenic bacteria are able to colonize and cause pathology due to the possession of virulence factors such as adhesins, invasins, evasins and toxins. These are generally specifically...

... groups of pathogens have evolved mechanisms to avoid killing by phagocytic cells. The present review discusses a key innate immune cell, the macrophage, and highlights the myriad mechanisms microbes have established to escape phagocytic killing. Phagocytosis is typically defined as the uptake...

... that this modification plays a critical role for pathogens of all kinds and at multiple steps of their life cycle. The present review examines the involvement of S-palmitoylation in infection by viruses, bacteria and parasites and illustrates how pathogens have evolved to manipulate the host palmitoylation machinery...

... mechanisms involved in the delivery of material to the lysosome. However, successful intracellular pathogens often have a better grip on the mechanisms involved in delivery to the lysosome and can manipulate membrane trafficking pathways to create an intracellular environment that is favourable...

... regulator of adaptive immune responses and its emerging role as an induced macrophage pattern-recognition molecule for sialylated pathogens, especially enveloped viruses. Although most CD33-related siglecs potentially inhibit immune response activation by dampening ITAM-dependent signals or inducing...

...Kazue Takahashi MBL (mannose-binding lectin) is a pattern recognition molecule and a component of innate immunity, the first line of the host defence system against foreign bodies and pathogens. MBL deficiency is common in humans and has been associated with immunodeficiency. We have generated...

... ). 4 4 2005 © 2005 The Biochemical Society 2005 bacteria Helicobacter pylori His tag membrane transport protein pathogen two-component system The lipid cell membrane of bacteria is inherently impermeable to nutrients required for metabolism. Uptake of nutrients...