... enzyme activity. However, further research is clearly required to appreciate the role of ascorbate in 2OG-oxygenase biology. disease hydroxylation hypoxia nutrient sensing oxygenase post translational modification Importantly, PHD1–3 are suited to function as oxygen sensors as they have...

... kinase (MAPK) nutrient sensing target of rapamycin (TOR) transceptor It is now well-established that AAs (amino acids) act through the co-ordination of several signalling pathways to modulate vital processes, including protein synthesis, proteolysis, mRNA turnover, hormone action and release...

... transcription factor nutrient sensing receptor-activated proteolysis Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPS-sensing pathway A fundamental problem in biology is how cells respond to discrete environmental signals and make appropriate adjustments in the patterns of gene expression. Yeast and mammalian cells...

... 2 diabetes and neurodegeneration. Recently, it has become clear that multiple types of local nutrient-sensing mechanisms have an impact on cellular insulin-sensitivity through the downstream kinase TOR (target of rapamycin). In vivo analysis in flies has surprisingly highlighted PATs ( p roton...

... ). 5 11 2006 © 2007 The Biochemical Society 2007 cancer cell polarity diabetes Drosophila lipogenesis nutrient sensing Figure 1 PI3K/Akt and the insulin signalling cascade in Drosophila Genetic analysis of growth regulation in flies has linked PI3K/Akt and the insulin...

... the participation of these receptors in metabolic and immune system function. diabetes fatty acid G-protein-coupled receptor GPR40 family nutrient sensing obesity Fatty acids serve vital functions as sources of energy, building materials for cellular structures, modulators of physiological...

... it is becoming evident that the gut epithelium senses and responds to luminal nutrients, little is known about the nature of the nutrient sensing molecule and the downstream cellular events. A prototype example is the modulation in the capacity of the gut to absorb monosaccharides via the intestinal luminal...

... (email mkb@crc.dk ). 17 9 2004 © 2005 The Biochemical Society 2005 amino acid nutrient sensing Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ssy1 transporter-like sensor In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , distinct mechanisms have evolved to sense the extracellular presence of amino acids...