... angiogenesis muscle atrophy neuroprotection neurotrophic factor regeneration Peripheral nerve injuries, defined as those that affect any nerves outside the central nervous system, have been reported to affect 2.8% of trauma patients [ 1 ]. Injuries can range from compression of the nerve...

... have multiple physiological roles including involvement in learning and memory, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neuroprotection and neurogenesis. They have also been implicated in the pathology of, or perhaps protective responses to, neurodegenerative diseases. This is particularly the case...

... proliferation, indicating a critical role for both CB 1 and CB 2 receptors in the proliferation of NSC via IL-1 signalling pathways. Thus the endocannabinoid system, which has neuroprotective and immunomodulatory actions mediated by IL-1 signalling cascades in the brain, could assist the process...

... © The Authors Journal compilation © 2013 Biochemical Society 2013 antioxidant defence astrocyte neurodegeneration neuron neuroprotection oxidative stress According to the theory of neuronal health, neurons exist in a dynamic spectrum of states, which range from highly resilient...

... suppressor of tau pathology 2 (MSUT2) neurodegeneration neuroprotection tau tauopathy Tauopathies are diseases defined by accumulation of insoluble deposits of tau in the central nervous system. They are also characterized by an increase in hyperphosphorylated tau and degeneration of neurons [ 1...

... trauma such as ischaemia and traumatic brain injury, as well as certain neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease. However, normal physiological patterns of NMDA receptor activity can promote neuroprotection against both apoptotic and excitotoxic insults. As a result, NMDA receptor blockade...

...) and motor learning parameters (which are thought to be dependent on mesolimbocortical reward signalling) within the same task has revealed some surprising consequences of dopamine lesions and neuroprotective/neuroreparative approaches to repair in rat models of Parkinson's disease. The data generated using...

...T. Yamashita; K. Deguchi; K. Sawamoto; H. Okano; T. Kamiya; K. Abe Possible strategies for treating ischaemic stroke include: (i) neuroprotection (preventing damaged neurons from undergoing apoptosis in the acute phase of cerebral ischaemia), and (ii) neurosupplementation (the repair of broken...

...M.D. Ginsberg; Y.Y. Palesch; M.D. Hill; for the ALIAS Trialists High-dose human ALB (albumin) therapy is highly neuroprotective in animal models of ischaemic stroke. A recently completed 82-subject pilot-phase dose-escalation trial has shown that ALB is safe, with strong preliminary suggestions...

...C.-Z. Lu; B.-G. Xiao In several experimental studies of cerebral ischaemia, G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) exerted neuroprotective effects through different mechanisms, including mobilization of haemopoietic stem cells, anti-apoptosis, neuronal differentiation, angiogenesis and anti...

...Y. Sun; S.P.H. Alexander; D.A. Kendall; A.J. Bennett Cannabinoids have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, which were proposed to occur mainly via activation of the G-protein-coupled receptor CB 1 (cannabinoid receptor 1). Recently, certain cannabinoids have been...

... 2006 The Biochemical Society 2006 apoptosis calcium signalling cAMP-response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) excitotoxicity neuroprotection N -methyl- D -aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) NMDARs [NMDA ( N -methyl- D -aspartate) receptors] are cation channels, gated...

...W.-R. Schäbitz; M. Fisher After years of setbacks, the perspective of neuroprotective stroke therapy has revived in light of recent study results. We outline in this review how a neuroprotective candidate drug should be developed, beginning with a thorough preclinical evaluation according...

... for translating the animal observations of intravenous thrombolysis treatment to successful clinical intervention. Traditionally, the aim of the experimental studies of neuroprotection is to reduce the infarct volume following permanent or transient MCA occlusion, by the administration of neuroprotective...

...S.L. Stevens; M.P. Stenzel-Poore Ischaemic tolerance in the brain is a powerful adaptive defence that involves an endogenous programme of neuroprotection culminating in marked protection against brain injury from ischaemia. A range of preconditioning stimuli exist that differ in ligand and target...

... as a neuroprotective agent in cerebral ischaemia. Fibrates and other non-fibrate PPARα activators as well as thiazolidinediones and other non-thiazolidinedione PPARγ agonists have been demonstrated to induce both preventive and acute neuroprotection. This neuroprotective effect involves both cerebral and vascular...

... of a mechanism preventing ROS production. UCP2 could therefore be involved in protecting the brain against oxidative stress. The involvement of UCP2 in neuroprotection is also consistent with the recent observation that kainic acid, which promotes Ca 2+ uptake in the glutamate-activated neurons...