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Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2023) BST20221066.
Published: 30 May 2023
... regulation Emergent Defective Formation of the IR-IRS-PI3K complex Irs1, Irs2 Insr, Irs1, Irs2 Insr, Irs1, Irs2, Pik3c2a IRS1, IRS2 Akt activation Akt1, Akt2, Akt3, Mtor, Pdpk1, Prr5, Rictor Akt2, Prr5 Deptor, Rictor AKT1 MTOR Actin remodelling Ehbp1, Ehd2, Sorbs1 Ehbp1, Micall2...
Images
in Insulin signalling and GLUT4 trafficking in insulin resistance
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 30 May 2023
Figure 1. Overview of insulin signalling. Insulin initiates a protein phosphorylation cascade to regulate cellular metabolism (reviewed in [ 125 ] and [ 126 ]), with the kinase Akt as a central node in this cascade. The events leading to Akt activation — ‘proximal insulin signalling' — begin with... More about this image found in Overview of insulin signalling. Insulin initiates a protein phosphorylatio...
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in Insulin signalling and GLUT4 trafficking in insulin resistance
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 30 May 2023
Figure 2. Defective and emergent signalling in insulin resistance. Phosphoproteomics has revealed that insulin resistance can be accompanied by both impaired insulin signalling responses (‘defective signalling') and the emergence of enhanced or novel insulin signalling responses (‘emergent signal... More about this image found in Defective and emergent signalling in insulin resistance. Phosphoproteomics...
Images
in Insulin signalling and GLUT4 trafficking in insulin resistance
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 30 May 2023
Figure 3. GLUT4 trafficking pathway. There are multiple steps in the GLUT4 trafficking pathway that could be impaired in insulin resistance: ( 1 ) Newly synthesised or internalised GLUT4 could be mis-sorted away from GSVs [ 4 , 5 , 48 ]; ( 2 ) Translocation of GSVs to the periphery of the cell in... More about this image found in GLUT4 trafficking pathway. There are multiple steps in the GLUT4 trafficki...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2023) BST20230121.
Published: 30 May 2023
Images
Published: 30 May 2023
Figure 1. The role of caveolae in cellular response to oxidative stress. ( A ) Top inset: caveolae as viewed by electron microscopy. Scale bar = 100 nm. Bottom inset: An illustration of caveolar structure in a cell under steady state conditions. ( B ) A diagram illustrating caveola-mediated cellu... More about this image found in The role of caveolae in cellular response to oxidative stress. ( A ) Top i...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2023) BST20221410.
Published: 30 May 2023
Images
in Cytoophidia and filaments: you must unlearn what you have learned
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 30 May 2023
Figure 1. Four basic characteristics of cytoophidia. ( A ) Cytoophidia are composed of metabolic enzymes. ( B ) Cytoophidia are elongated and snake-shaped structures, which are distinguished from spherical or globular structures. ( C ) The cytoophidium does not contain membrane, which are in cont... More about this image found in Four basic characteristics of cytoophidia. ( A ) Cytoophidia are composed ...
Images
in Cytoophidia and filaments: you must unlearn what you have learned
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 30 May 2023
Figure 2. U bodies and cytoophidia in Drosophila egg chambers. ( A ) Spherical U bodies as marked by survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. ( B ) Snake-shaped cytoophidia as marked by CTPS. ( C ) Nuclei as labeled by DNA dye. ( D ) Merge of A–C with U bodies (red), cytoophidia (green) and nuclei ... More about this image found in U bodies and cytoophidia in Drosophila egg chambers. ( A ) Spherical U b...
Images
in Cytoophidia and filaments: you must unlearn what you have learned
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 30 May 2023
Figure 3. Diverse structures of metabolic enzyme filaments. CTP synthase (CTPS) (PDB ID: 6L6Z ) [ 68 ]; Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) (PDB ID: 7F5V ) [ 44 ]; Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase (PRPS) (PDB ID: 7XMU ) [ 45 ]; Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) (PDB ID: ... More about this image found in Diverse structures of metabolic enzyme filaments. CTP synthase (CTPS) (PDB...
Images
in Cytoophidia and filaments: you must unlearn what you have learned
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 30 May 2023
Figure 4. CTPS filaments from different species classified by the ligand binding state. ecCTPS, E. coli CTPS (PDB ID: 5U3C ) [ 38 ]; dmCTPS +pro , Drosophila melanogaster CTPS bound with products (PDB ID: 7DPW ) [ 34 ]; hCTPS2 +pro , human CTPS2 bound with products (PDB ID: 6PK7 ) [ 40 ]; ... More about this image found in CTPS filaments from different species classified by the ligand binding stat...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2023) BST20220719.
Published: 24 May 2023
Images
in The role of glycosaminoglycan modification in Hedgehog regulated tissue morphogenesis
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 24 May 2023
Figure 1. Glp HSPGs are essential for Hh spread. ( A ) HS-decorated Glps localize to the outer plasma membrane leaflet and are exposed to extracellular binders. After biosynthesis of the xylose–galactose–galactose–glucuronic acid linker to a serine side chain of the Glp core protein, HS grows by ... More about this image found in Glp HSPGs are essential for Hh spread. ( A ) HS-decorated Glps localize to...
Images
in The role of glycosaminoglycan modification in Hedgehog regulated tissue morphogenesis
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 24 May 2023
Figure 2. Two mechanistic modes — one indirect, one direct — of HSPG-dependent Hh transport. In polarized producing cells (right), Hh and GPI-anchored Glp HSPGs are first expressed at the apical membrane and assemble in cholesterol- and glycolipid-enriched membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) [ 28... More about this image found in Two mechanistic modes — one indirect, one direct — of HSPG-dependent Hh tra...
Images
in The role of glycosaminoglycan modification in Hedgehog regulated tissue morphogenesis
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 24 May 2023
Figure 3. Two Hh transport models to explain the Hhs inability to cross a field of HSPG-deficient cells (labelled black) in the wing disc. ( A ) The cytoneme model posits that Ihog (yellow) expressed on Hh-transporting basolateral cytonemes interact with HSPGs (Hh is shown as blue dots). This int... More about this image found in Two Hh transport models to explain the Hhs inability to cross a field of HS...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2023) BST20221347.
Published: 24 May 2023
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2023) BST20221418.
Published: 24 May 2023
Images
Published: 24 May 2023
Figure 1. Differential posttranslational processing regulates KRAS isoform subcellular trafficking and interactome. The trafficking and interactome of KRAS isoforms KRAS4A (blue) and KRAS4B (green) are schematized. For both KRAS4A and KRAS4B, (+) signs indicate polybasic residues that confer elec... More about this image found in Differential posttranslational processing regulates KRAS isoform subcellula...
Images
Published: 24 May 2023
Figure 2. Scheme of oncoprotein expansion from cephalochordates to mammals. Oncogene exon–intron structures are depicted with exons as boxes (1–4 coding, 0 and 0’ non-coding) and introns as lines connecting the exons (a–d). Modified from [ 1 ]. Created with BioRender.com. More about this image found in Scheme of oncoprotein expansion from cephalochordates to mammals. Oncogene...
Images
in The Nrd1–Nab3–Sen1 transcription termination complex from a structural perspective
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 24 May 2023
Figure 1. Mechanisms of RNA Pol II transcription termination. ( A ) Representation of the NNS and poly(A)-dependent termination pathways. Domain architectures of Nrd1, Nab3 and Sen1 are depicted at the bottom. ( B ) Graphical summary of the current structural knowledge of the NNS complex. The RNA... More about this image found in Mechanisms of RNA Pol II transcription termination. ( A ) Representation o...
Images
in The Nrd1–Nab3–Sen1 transcription termination complex from a structural perspective
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 24 May 2023
Figure 2. Structural summary of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CIDs. ( A ) Ribbon (above) and surface (below) representation of the structures of Nrd1 (light pink), Pcf11 (grey) and Rtt103 (light orange) CID. Charge distribution is mapped and key regions are circled in magenta (basic crest) or green ... More about this image found in Structural summary of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CIDs. ( A ) Ribbon (above...
Images
in The Nrd1–Nab3–Sen1 transcription termination complex from a structural perspective
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 24 May 2023
Figure 3. RNA-binding specificity of Nrd1 and Nab3 RBDs and structural basis of Nrd1/Nab3 heterodimerization. ( A ) Complex structures between Nrd1 (light cyan ribbon) and Nab3 (light pink ribbon) RBDs and GUAA and UCUU motifs (sticks). ( B ) Atomic details of the Nab3 RRM and UCUU interaction. P... More about this image found in RNA-binding specificity of Nrd1 and Nab3 RBDs and structural basis of Nrd1/...
Images
in The Nrd1–Nab3–Sen1 transcription termination complex from a structural perspective
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 24 May 2023
Figure 4. Sen1 structural information. ( A ) Ribbon representation of the X-ray structure of Sen1 helicase domain (PDB: 5MZN ) with the domains/subdomains colored as in [ 47 ]. On the right a surface model of the proposed RNA-binding mode is depicted. The first five nucleotides have been taken f... More about this image found in Sen1 structural information. ( A ) Ribbon representation of the X-ray stru...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2023) BST20221279.
Published: 18 May 2023
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2023) BST20221409.
Published: 18 May 2023
Images
in Recent insights into mechanisms of cellular toxicity and cell recognition associated with the ABC family of pore-forming toxins
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 18 May 2023
Figure 1. Representative pre-pore (A) and pore form (B) structures of an ABC holotoxin assembly. The figure highlights key structural transitions that occur between the two conformations of the P. luminescens PTC3 toxin (PDB ID 6H68 and 6SUF ). The TcB–TcC subcomplex (light and dark teal), a... More about this image found in Representative pre-pore (A) and pore form (B) structures of an ABC holotoxi...
Images
in Recent insights into mechanisms of cellular toxicity and cell recognition associated with the ABC family of pore-forming toxins
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 18 May 2023
Figure 2. Domain architecture of ABC toxins and diversity of TcA components. ( A ) Cutaway view of the PTC3 holotoxin from P. luminescens in the pre-pore state showing the organisation of domains in the toxin. ( B – E ) Arrangement of domains within a single TcA protomer from ( B ) P. luminesc... More about this image found in Domain architecture of ABC toxins and diversity of TcA components. ( A ) C...
Images
in Recent insights into mechanisms of cellular toxicity and cell recognition associated with the ABC family of pore-forming toxins
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 18 May 2023
Figure 3. Examples of cytotoxic effectors associated with ABC toxins. ( A ) Structure of the TccC3 CTD in complex with two actin subunits (PDB ID 7Z7H ). The structure is extracted from a longer actin filament, which is the molecular target of TccC3. Actin residues threonine-148 (yellow) — the ... More about this image found in Examples of cytotoxic effectors associated with ABC toxins. ( A ) Structur...
Images
in Adaptive diversity in structure and function of C 4 photosynthetic components
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 18 May 2023
Figure 1. Representation of the mixed NADP-ME/PEPCK and NAD-ME/PEPCK C4 biochemical pathways. The major fluxes through a particular decarboxylase pathway are shown by stronger arrows. The suberin layer present in NADP-ME subtypes is shown in brown at the boundary between mesophyll and bundle shea... More about this image found in Representation of the mixed NADP-ME/PEPCK and NAD-ME/PEPCK C4 biochemical p...
Images
in Adaptive diversity in structure and function of C 4 photosynthetic components
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 18 May 2023
Figure 2. Molecular adaptations of C 4 enzymes from their nonC 4 ancestors. ( A ) Adaptations of NADP-ME, taking maize and sorghum as examples. ( B ) Adaptations of NAD-ME, taking C 4 Cleome species as an example. ( C ) Adaptations of PEPC, taking Flaveria and maize as examples. BSC kinase: pu... More about this image found in Molecular adaptations of C 4 enzymes from their nonC 4 ancestors. ( A ) ...
Articles
In Collection
Coronavirus
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2023) BST20221037.
Published: 18 May 2023
Images
in Mechanisms of impairment of interferon production by SARS-CoV-2
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 18 May 2023
Figure 1. Schematic presentation of the mechanisms adopted by SARS-CoV-2 for disruption of the Interferon signaling pathway. Double-Membrane Vesicles (DMVs) derived from the endoplasmic reticulum membranes protect the dsRNA replication intermediates from recognition by TLRs and RLRs. NSP5 reduces... More about this image found in Schematic presentation of the mechanisms adopted by SARS-CoV-2 for disrupti...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2023) BST20221074.
Published: 12 May 2023
.... , Phoodokmai , T. , Sappakhaw , K. et al. ( 2021 ) Alt-RPL36 downregulates the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway by interacting with TMEM24 . Nat. Commun. 12 , 508 10.1038/s41467-020-20841-6 73 Hung , P.J. , Johnson , B. , Chen , B.-R. , Byrum , A.K. , Bredemeyer , A.L...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2023) BST20220983.
Published: 12 May 2023
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2023) BST20220749.
Published: 12 May 2023
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2023) BST20221128.
Published: 12 May 2023
... of a cell changes in cell proliferation, differentiation, and stress conditions. Here, we review the emerging theme of regulation of 3′UTR isoforms in cell metabolic reprogramming, focusing on cell growth and autophagy responses through the mTOR pathway. We discuss regulatory events that converge...
Images
in Chemical labeling and proteomics for characterization of unannotated small and alternative open reading frame-encoded polypeptides
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 12 May 2023
Figure 1. Overview of experimental methods for analysis of SEPs and alt-proteins. ( A ) Schematic workflow of RIBO-seq for detection of smORFs and alt-ORFs. Ribosome protected RNA fragments are purified and sequenced. Those smORFs and alt-ORFs exhibiting three-nucleotide periodicity [ 7 , 14 ] (... More about this image found in Overview of experimental methods for analysis of SEPs and alt-proteins. ( ...
Images
in Chemical labeling and proteomics for characterization of unannotated small and alternative open reading frame-encoded polypeptides
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 12 May 2023
Figure 2. Chemical proteomic workflows to profile SEPs and alt-proteins. ( A ) Schematic workflow of chemical proteomic profiling of reactive cysteine-containing SEPs and alt-proteins [ 51 ]. Small proteins were selected with a 30 kDa filter, followed by alkylation with iodoacetamide alkyne, whic... More about this image found in Chemical proteomic workflows to profile SEPs and alt-proteins. ( A ) Schem...
Images
in Chemical labeling and proteomics for characterization of unannotated small and alternative open reading frame-encoded polypeptides
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 12 May 2023
Figure 3. General workflow of chemical labeling methods to identify interaction partners of SEPs and alt-proteins. ( A ) Schematic of APEX2 fusion-based proteomics to identify interaction partners of SEPs and alt-proteins. APEX2 is fused to the SEP of interest, and is expressed in cells. In the p... More about this image found in General workflow of chemical labeling methods to identify interaction partn...
Images
in Studying histone inheritance in different systems using imaging-based methods and perspectives
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 12 May 2023
Figure 1. Epigenetic inheritance in the context of the cell cycle. Epigenetic inheritance occurs within the context of the cell cycle. In G1, the mother cell contains an epigenetic profile including specific histone modifications, chromatin states, and other epigenetic mechanisms that specify a u... More about this image found in Epigenetic inheritance in the context of the cell cycle. Epigenetic inheri...
Images
in Studying histone inheritance in different systems using imaging-based methods and perspectives
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 12 May 2023
Figure 2. Different histone inheritance patterns in different systems. A variety of histone inheritance patterns detected in different stem cell systems. ( A ) General patterns of canonical histone inheritance during ACD. When studying old versus new histones, two general patterns have been obs... More about this image found in Different histone inheritance patterns in different systems. A variety of ...
Images
in The function and regulation of ADP-ribosylation in the DNA damage response
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 12 May 2023
Figure 1. Domains of PARP1-3. The number of amino acids indicated on the right. ZF, Zinc-finger; BRCT, BRCA1 C-terminal domain; WGR, nucleic acid binding domain; HD, helical domain; ART, ADP-transferase domain. Adapted from Luscher et al. [ 3 ]. More about this image found in Domains of PARP1-3. The number of amino acids indicated on the right. ZF, ...
Images
in The function and regulation of ADP-ribosylation in the DNA damage response
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 12 May 2023
Figure 2. ADPr homeostasis. Synthesis of ADPr during DDR occurs in two steps. First, HPF1/PARP1 complex MARylates serines. Then, PARP1 on its own creates long chains that recruit DDR factors. Degradation of PAR follows a similar pattern, long chains are degraded primarily by PARG with assistance ... More about this image found in ADPr homeostasis. Synthesis of ADPr during DDR occurs in two steps. First,...
Images
in The emerging theme of 3′UTR mRNA isoform regulation in reprogramming of cell metabolism
> Biochemical Society Transactions
Published: 12 May 2023
Figure 1. Regulation of alternative polyadenylation (APA) site choice and differential mRNA metabolism between 3′UTR isoforms. A hypothetical gene with two 3′UTR APA sites are shown. pPAS, proximal PAS; dPAS, distal PAS. MTC, m 6 A methyltransferase complex; LC3B-II, lipidated LC3B. CCR4-NOT carr... More about this image found in Regulation of alternative polyadenylation (APA) site choice and differentia...
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2023) BST20220939.
Published: 12 May 2023
Articles
Journal:
Biochemical Society Transactions
Biochem Soc Trans (2023) BST20221541.
Published: 12 May 2023
Images
Published: 12 May 2023
Figure 1. Overview of general nuclear myosin structure. The motor domain is where actin interactions take place. This is commonly where calcium, magnesium, and small molecule binding occurs as well as the autoinhibition of the myosin. The neck domain contains IQ domains which are binding domains ... More about this image found in Overview of general nuclear myosin structure. The motor domain is where ac...
Images
Published: 12 May 2023
Figure 2. The role of the B-WICH complex in the activation of RNAPI facilitated transcription initiation and elongation. B-WICH connects chromatin to RNAPI and recruits HATs which cause the acetylation of H3 (H3K9Ac) and H4 (H4Ac) histones, rearranging the chromatin to expose the promoter region.... More about this image found in The role of the B-WICH complex in the activation of RNAPI facilitated trans...
Images
Published: 12 May 2023
Figure 3. The role of the B-WICH complex in the activation of RNAPII facilitated transcription initiation and elongation. In G1 phase NMI is phosphorylated by GSK3β, resulting in NMI binding to actin in complex with RNAPII. Once bound, NMI associates with the Rpb6 and Rpb8 subunits of the polymer... More about this image found in The role of the B-WICH complex in the activation of RNAPII facilitated tran...
Images
Published: 12 May 2023
Figure 4. The B-WICH complex in the activation of RNAPIII facilitated transcription initiation and elongation. The promoter regions of 5S rRNA and 7SL RNA are exposed via the same mechanism as shown in Figures 2 and 3 . E-boxes (CAGTG) in the IGS region are also revealed, enabling c-Myc-Max to... More about this image found in The B-WICH complex in the activation of RNAPIII facilitated transcription i...
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